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Science Yr9 and 10 > Planet > Flashcards

Planet Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the planet sequence

A
  1. mercury
  2. venus
  3. earth
  4. mars
  5. Jupiter
  6. staurn
  7. uranus
  8. neptune
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2
Q

what are stars

A

fiery balls of plasma and gas

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3
Q

what are planets

A

large rocky spheres that orbit a star or large spheres full of gas

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4
Q

what is orbit

A

the path a planet takes to go around a star

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5
Q

what does a planet need to be habitable

A
  1. liquid water
  2. right temperature - not too hot, not too cold
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6
Q

what is the goldilocks zone

A

an area in the solar system where the temperature is not too hot and cold, has liquid water and can support plant and animal life

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7
Q

what is the axis

A

an imaginary line going from the north to south pole

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8
Q

how is the axis positioned

A

tilted

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9
Q

what would happen if the axis was not tilted

A

we would not have 12 hours of day and 12 hours of night

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10
Q

how long is one year

A

365 days or 52 weeks

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11
Q

what angle is the axis on

A

23.5 degrees

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12
Q

what does earth spin on

A

its axis

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13
Q

what does earth orbit around

A

the sun

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14
Q

what does orbiting around the sun cause

A
  1. day and night
  2. seasons
  3. year length
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15
Q

how long is one day

A

24 hours

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16
Q

what is it called when earth spins on its axis

A

it is called a rotation

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17
Q

what direction does earth rotate towards

A

East to West or Anticlockwise. Therefore, sun rises in east and sets in west

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18
Q

what causes day and night

A

earth’s rotation on its axis

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19
Q

what side is daytime

A

the side that is facing the sun

20
Q

what side is nighttime

A

the side that is facing away from the sun`

21
Q

how long does it take to make a full rotation

A

24 hours

22
Q

what direction are we facing in summer

A

tilted towards the rays of the sun

23
Q

what direction are we facing in winter

A

tilted away from the rays of the sun

24
Q

what is the sun like in summer

A
  1. sun rays are more concentrated
  2. the sun is higher in the sky
  3. sun rays point you from above
25
Q

what is the sun like in winter

A
  1. sun rays are more spread out
  2. sun rays are less concentrated
  3. sun rays aren’t as warm
  4. sun is lower in the sky
  5. sun rays point towards you
26
Q

what is the temperature of a planet determined by

A

determined by the distance from the sun of the planet

27
Q

what determines seasons

A

seasons are determined by the axis tilt
1. medium tilt (around 23,5) = around 4 seasons
2. no tilt or low tilt = no seasons
3. high tilt = lots of seasons

28
Q

what determines the length of a day

A

how long it takes a planet to rotate once on its axis

29
Q

how many spheres does earth have

A

4

30
Q

what are the 4 spheres and what do they represent?

A
  1. hydrosphere = water in a solid or liquid state (oceans, rivers, lakes, seas)
  2. geosphere or lithosphere = system associated with the solid rocky portions of Earth and all the things that shape Earth the way it is (rock, mountains, sea bed)
  3. atmosphere = particles in the air (clouds, gases, hurricanes)
  4. biosphere = all living things on Earth (animals, plants)
31
Q

what are constellations

A

groups of stars forming a recognizable pattern that is traditionally named after its apparent form or identified with a mythological figure.

32
Q

what are star clusters

A

a star cluster is a group of stars that share a common origin and have been gravitationally bound together for some time

33
Q

what are the 4 layers of the earth and their definition

A
  1. crust - the outer layer of the earth made of plates. we live on this. it is 8-65km thick
  2. mantle - the layer of molten rock on which the crust floats on
  3. outer core - liquid iron and nickel
  4. inner core - solid iron and nickel
34
Q

what are plates

A

the earth is divided into many plates. they are constantly moving and have shaped the continents we see today

35
Q

what is the theory of continental drift

A

all continents used to be joined together and are slowly shifting their position

36
Q

what is a supercontinent

A

many continents joined together

37
Q

what supercontinent was NZ from

A

gondawa

38
Q

what was on NZ before humans arrived

A

their were no land-based mammals on earth before humans arrived

39
Q

what was similar about areas that used to be joined together

A

similar rock types, deserts, fossils, animals, biomes

40
Q

what happens when you heat a liquid or gas

A

it expands, becomes less dense and rises

41
Q

what happens when you cool a liquid or gas

A

the liquid or gas drops down and repeats the process

42
Q

what is convection

A

the process of gas or liquid heating up and rising and then cooling and dropping

43
Q

what are convection currents

A

convection currents are the process of convection in earth’s mantle

44
Q

what causes plates to move

A

convection currents in the liquid mantle generated by heat from deep inside the core cause the Earth’s plates to move

45
Q

how can plates move

A

they can move towards, away or slide past one another

Science Yr9 and 10 (11 decks)

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