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Science Yr9 and 10 > Physical Fitness and Health > Flashcards

Physical Fitness and Health Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the skeleton made of

A

joints and bones

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2
Q

how many bones do adults have

A

206

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3
Q

how many bones do infants have

A
  1. some bones fuse together as they grow up
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4
Q

what do bones do

A
  1. they allow us to move by working together with our muscles
  2. they protect our internal organs
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5
Q

what are the 5 major functions of the bones

A
  1. supports and maintains body shape
  2. protects internal organs
  3. enables movement
  4. produces bloods cells in the bone marrow
  5. storage of minerals (calcium, iron)
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6
Q

how do muscles work

A

muscles work in pairs because they can only pull not push bones

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7
Q

when one muscle contracts and the opposite relaxes, what is it called

A

antagonistic pairs

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8
Q

what are antagonistic pairs

A

muscles that work in pairs. When one muscle contracts then the opposite relaxes

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9
Q

what is the heart divided into

A

4 chambers

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10
Q

what are the 4 chambers

A

2 atria

2 ventricles

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11
Q

does the heart stop beating

A

never, only when we die

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12
Q

what it is the external surface of the heart covered with

A

coronary arteries and veins

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13
Q

what do coronary arteries do

A

they provide food and oxygen for the muscles and cells of the heart

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14
Q

how many valves are in the heart

A

2

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15
Q

what do valves do

A

they ensure that blood from the atrium flows into the ventricle in the correct direction. it stops the blood from flowing back into the atrium

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16
Q

what are the 4 blood vessels that are connected to the chambers of the heart

A
  1. 2 veins carrying blood to the heart
  2. 2 ventricles carrying blood from the heart
17
Q

what is the blood flow sequence in the heart

A
  1. body - vena cava - right atrium
  2. RA - valve - right ventricle
  3. 3V - pulmonary artery - Lungs
  4. lungs - pulmonary veins - left atriums
  5. left atriums - valve - left ventricle
  6. left ventricle - aorta - body
18
Q

is type of blood is in the right side of the heart

A

deoxygenated blood from body

19
Q

what type of blood is in the left side of the heart

A

oxygenated blood from the lungs

20
Q

what is respiration

A

process of getting energy from food. happens in motchondria.
Glucose + oxygen = CO2 + H20 + Energy

21
Q

what is breathing

A

movement of air into and out of our lungs

22
Q

what happens when we breathe in

A
  1. Intercoastal muscles contract. this pulls the ribcage upwards. The chest increases in volume
  2. The diaphragm contracts. This makes it flatten out so the chest gets even larger
  3. as the chest gets larger, air is sucked down the trachea and into the lungs
23
Q

what happens when we breathe out

A
  1. the intercostal muscles relax. The rib cage lowers. The chest decreases in volume
  2. the diaphragm relaxes and bulges upwards. This decreases the volume of the chest further.
  3. Air is forced out of the lungs because the chest has become smaller
24
Q

what are the structures of the respiratory system in sequence

A
  1. nostrils
  2. trachea
  3. bronchus
  4. bronchiole
  5. alveoli
25
Q

what is in the lungs

A

alveoli and bronchiole

26
Q

what does the blood do as it travels around the body

A

gives nutrients and oxygen to all the cells in the body

27
Q

what does red and blue represent

A

red = oxygenated
blue = deoxygenated

28
Q

why does heart pump blood to the lungs

A

to get rid of CO2 and pick up more oxygen

29
Q

where does gas exchange happen

A

alveoli

30
Q

what is gas exchange

A

At the alveoli, O2 is taken into the blood to be transported to body cells in the body. At the same time, CO2 is removed from the blood and into the alveoli to be breathed out

31
Q

what is swapped during gas exchange

A

CO2 from blood - Alveoli
O2 from Alveoli - Blood

32
Q

what surrounds the alveoli for gas exchange

A

capillaries (tiny blood vessels)

33
Q

what is gas exchange called

A

gaseous exhchange

34
Q

what does the blood do after gaseous exchange

A

carries oxygen to the cells in the body from the lungs and CO2 back to the lungs from the cells

35
Q

what is breathing also known as

A

respiring

36
Q

what side of the heart is thicker and stronger

A

left side because it pumps blood around the whole body

Science Yr9 and 10 (11 decks)

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