Physical Fitness and Health Flashcards
what is the skeleton made of
joints and bones
how many bones do adults have
206
how many bones do infants have
- some bones fuse together as they grow up
what do bones do
- they allow us to move by working together with our muscles
- they protect our internal organs
what are the 5 major functions of the bones
- supports and maintains body shape
- protects internal organs
- enables movement
- produces bloods cells in the bone marrow
- storage of minerals (calcium, iron)
how do muscles work
muscles work in pairs because they can only pull not push bones
when one muscle contracts and the opposite relaxes, what is it called
antagonistic pairs
what are antagonistic pairs
muscles that work in pairs. When one muscle contracts then the opposite relaxes
what is the heart divided into
4 chambers
what are the 4 chambers
2 atria
2 ventricles
does the heart stop beating
never, only when we die
what it is the external surface of the heart covered with
coronary arteries and veins
what do coronary arteries do
they provide food and oxygen for the muscles and cells of the heart
how many valves are in the heart
2
what do valves do
they ensure that blood from the atrium flows into the ventricle in the correct direction. it stops the blood from flowing back into the atrium
what are the 4 blood vessels that are connected to the chambers of the heart
- 2 veins carrying blood to the heart
- 2 ventricles carrying blood from the heart
what is the blood flow sequence in the heart
- body - vena cava - right atrium
- RA - valve - right ventricle
- 3V - pulmonary artery - Lungs
- lungs - pulmonary veins - left atriums
- left atriums - valve - left ventricle
- left ventricle - aorta - body
is type of blood is in the right side of the heart
deoxygenated blood from body
what type of blood is in the left side of the heart
oxygenated blood from the lungs
what is respiration
process of getting energy from food. happens in motchondria.
Glucose + oxygen = CO2 + H20 + Energy
what is breathing
movement of air into and out of our lungs
what happens when we breathe in
- Intercoastal muscles contract. this pulls the ribcage upwards. The chest increases in volume
- The diaphragm contracts. This makes it flatten out so the chest gets even larger
- as the chest gets larger, air is sucked down the trachea and into the lungs
what happens when we breathe out
- the intercostal muscles relax. The rib cage lowers. The chest decreases in volume
- the diaphragm relaxes and bulges upwards. This decreases the volume of the chest further.
- Air is forced out of the lungs because the chest has become smaller
what are the structures of the respiratory system in sequence
- nostrils
- trachea
- bronchus
- bronchiole
- alveoli
what is in the lungs
alveoli and bronchiole
what does the blood do as it travels around the body
gives nutrients and oxygen to all the cells in the body
what does red and blue represent
red = oxygenated
blue = deoxygenated
why does heart pump blood to the lungs
to get rid of CO2 and pick up more oxygen
where does gas exchange happen
alveoli
what is gas exchange
At the alveoli, O2 is taken into the blood to be transported to body cells in the body. At the same time, CO2 is removed from the blood and into the alveoli to be breathed out
what is swapped during gas exchange
CO2 from blood - Alveoli
O2 from Alveoli - Blood
what surrounds the alveoli for gas exchange
capillaries (tiny blood vessels)
what is gas exchange called
gaseous exhchange
what does the blood do after gaseous exchange
carries oxygen to the cells in the body from the lungs and CO2 back to the lungs from the cells
what is breathing also known as
respiring
what side of the heart is thicker and stronger
left side because it pumps blood around the whole body
