Nutrition

Question 1

what are the 4 Hauora walls

Answer 1

1. physical
2. mental
3. emotional
4. spiritual

Question 2

what is the digestive system

Answer 2

breakdown of food into particles small enough to be absorbed into the blood

Question 3

organs in the digestive system

Answer 3

1. mouth
2. oseophagus
3. stomach
4. small intestines
5. large intestines
6. rectum
7. anus

Question 4

function of mouth

Answer 4

1. Teeth in the mouth breakdown the food into small pieces
2. the salivary glands make saliva which is added to the food
3. saliva makes food moist and easy to swallow
4. saliva contains amalyse an enzyme to break down starch into glucose.

Question 5

function of oseophagus

Answer 5

1. oesophagus transports food from mouth to stomach
2. food is moved down the oseophagus by peristalsis

Question 6

function of stomach

Answer 6

1. muscular bag where muscular contractions churn food
2. mixies food with acid and adds enzymes to the food
3. enzymes in stomach break down protein
4. pepsin is main enzyme in stomach

Question 7

the function of small intestines

Answer 7

1. small intestines absorb the nutrients from the food and put them into the bloodstream

Question 8

function of large intestines

Answer 8

1. removes the water from the food

Question 9

function of rectum

Answer 9

1. holds the faeces or left-over food from the large intestines

Question 10

function of anus

Answer 10

1. passes out leftover food or faeces from the body

Question 11

what is peristalsis

Answer 11

when muscles contract behind the food to help it move down the oseophagus

Question 12

what happens when we swallow

Answer 12

the epiglottis closes the trachea when we swallow

Question 13

why do we eat food

Answer 13

food is eaten and digested to allow absorption of energy and nutrients

Question 14

what are the 2 types of nutrients and their definitions

Answer 14

1. macronutrients - nutrients we need a lot of
2. micronutrients - nutrients we need but not a lot of

Question 15

what are the 5 macronutrients

Answer 15

1. carbohydrates
2. protein
3. water
4. fat
5. fibre

Question 16

what are the 2 micronutrients?

Answer 16

1. vitamins
2. minerals

Question 17

how can foods be used by the body

Answer 17

the need to be broken into small particles before they can be used (amino acids, fatty acids)

Question 18

what is protein used for and what is it broken into

Answer 18

broken into amino acids, used for growth and repair

Question 19

what are fats and lipids used for and what are they broken into

Answer 19

broken into glycerol + fatty acids and used for warmth and high energy

Question 20

what are carbohydrates used for and broken into

Answer 20

broken into glucose and used for energy. It is main energy source

Question 21

what are sugars used for and broken into (sucrose and lactose? sugars excluding carbs)

Answer 21

broken into glucose and used for energy

Question 22

what is used to test for starch

Answer 22

iodine solution

Question 23

what is used to test for glucose

Answer 23

benedict’s solution

Question 24

what is used to test for protein

Answer 24

adding copper sulfate and sodium hydroxide

Question 25

what is used to test for fats and lipids

Answer 25

using ethanol and water

Question 26

how to test for starch

Answer 26

1. Add two to three drops of Iodine to your food on a spotting tile. 2. If starch is present then the Iodine will turn blue/black. 3. If starch is not present then iodine will turn yellow/orange

Question 27

how to test for glucose

Answer 27

1. Add 2 cm of Benedict’s Solution to your food. Your food must be liquid. 2. Place the test tube in a hot water bath for 5 minutes. 3. If glucose is present then the solution will go brick red, browny orange, green, yellow 4. if glucose is not present then it will stay green

Question 28

how to test for protein

Answer 28

1. Make the food into a mashed-up liquid, adding a little water. 2. Add an equal volume of Sodium hydroxide and copper sulfate 3. Mix gently 4. A purple color will appear if the protein is present. 5. If protein is not present, it will turn blue

Question 29

how to test for fats and lipids

Answer 29

1. Pour 1 cm of ethanol into a test tube that is about the width of your index finger. 2. Add a small amount of food and SHAKE! 3. Pour into a second test tube with water in it. 4. If a milky white emulsion (two layers) is formed then there are lipids present. 5. No emulsion = no fats and lipids

Question 30

what is emulsion

Answer 30

cloudy material that is formed when 2 liquids are added and do not mix

Question 31

what are the positive results of food tests

Answer 31

1. Starch - Blue/black 2. Glucose - Green (traceable), Yellow (low), Orange (moderate) and Brick red (high) 3. fats and lipids - Emulsion 4. protein - Purple

Question 32

what are negative results of foods tests

Answer 32

1. starch - yellow.orange 2. glucose - blue 3. fats and lipids - no emulsion 4. protein - blue

Question 33

what is the independent variable

Answer 33

what we are changing and the cause of the experiment

Question 34

what is the dependent variable

Answer 34

thing we are measuring and the effect of the experiment

Question 35

what is a controlled variable

Answer 35

variable that is kept the same

Question 36

what is high blood pressure

Answer 36

high blood pressure is when your blood pressure is too high or higher than normal. Blood pressure is the strength of the pushing of the blood from the heart and the strength of the blood pushing against the arteries walls.

Question 37

what is coronary heart disease

Answer 37

coronary heart disease is when the heart's blood supply is blocked or interrupted because of plaque or something else in the coronary arteries.This means little to no blood can get to the heart

Question 38

what is diabetes (1 and 2)

Answer 38

Type 1: your body makes little to no insulin so your body cannot change glucose to glucagon to be stored, meaning you have too much glucose in your bloodstream and body. Type 2: Target cells that accept insulin are damaged or lazy and do not accept insulin. This means your body cannot change glucose to glucagon to be stored, meaning you have too much glucose in your bloodstream and body.