Repro Week 1

Question 1

What is the difference between abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity?

Answer 1

Abdominal cavity is separated from the thoracis cavity by the diaphragm

Pelvic cavity contains the elements of the urinary, gastrointestinal, reproductive systems, contains most of the reproductive tract in women and only part in men

Question 2

Define Peritoneum

a) Parietal peritoneum
b) Visceral peritoneum

In Males

In Females

Answer 2

double layer of the serous membrane forming the lining of the abdominal cavity

a) Outer
b) Inner

In males, it drapes over the bladder and rectum to form the recto-vesical pouch

In females, it drapes over the rectum and uterus to form the vesico-uterine pouch

Question 3

State the location of

a) False Pelvis
b) True Pelvis

Answer 3

a) Superior to the pelvis

b) Inferior to the pelvis

Question 4

What are the bones of the pelvis and where do they meet up?

Answer 4

illium, ischium, pubis

Acetabulum

Question 5

What are the five functions of the pelvis?

S(2)A(2)W

Answer 5

1) Supports and protects the pelvic viscera
2) Supports abdominal organs
3) Attached to erectile tissues and associated skeletal muscles
4) Attachment for the trunk muscle and locomotion muscle
5) Transferring weight from the upper body to the lower limbs

Question 6

What are the three important functions of the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments?

SUT

Answer 6

1) Provide stability to bony structures of the pelvis
2) Prevent the upward tilting of the sacrum
3) Transform sciatic notches into sciatic foramen

Question 7

What are the sex differences in the bony pelvis?

Answer 7

Males: 50-60 angle degrees
- bigger pelvis
- higher and narrow with a heart-shaped inlet
Females: 80-85 angle degrees
- wider and flatter with a oval shaped inlet

Question 8

Differentiate between greater sciatic foramen and lesser sciatic foramen, what structures pass through them?

Answer 8

Greater sciatic foramen: superior to the sacrospinous ligaments and ischial spine,
a) Piriformis muscle and several nerves and vessels

Lesser sciatic foramen: inferior to the ischial spine and sacrospinous ligaments
b) The tendon, nerve of obturator internus, pudendal nerve and vessels

Question 9

What are the muscle of the pelvic wall?

Answer 9

Piriformis muscle and Obturator internus muscle

Question 10

What are the first and second layers of the pelvic floor

DM

Answer 10

1st layer: Pelvic diaphragm

2nd layer: Perineal membrane

Question 11

What are the three muscles in the Levator ani?

Answer 11

1) Puborectalis: more medial and inferior, maintains anorectal angle
2) Pubococcygeus: arises from the pubis and attaches to the coccyx
3) Ilicoccygeus: arises from the ischial spine and attaches to the coccyx

Question 12

What are five functions of the levator ani?

Sup Res Rai ReI Act

Answer 12

1) Support the pelvic viscera
2) Resist the downward thrust due to decreased abdominal pressure
3) raise anal canal to assist in defecation
4) Reinforce external anal sphincter
5) Act as a vaginal sphincter

Question 13

Levator Ani

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

Answer 13

Origin: The body of the pelvis
Insertion: Coccyx
Innervation: Ventral Rami of S3 and S4
Action: Supports and slightly raises pelvic floor

Question 14

What are the two extra muscles that women have in the deep perineal pounch?

Answer 14

1) Urethrovaginal splincter

2) Compressor urethrae

Question 15

What is the function of the:

a) Perineal Membrane
b) Deep Perineal Pouch

Answer 15

a) Thick, triangular fascial sheet that fills the space between the arms of the pubic arch and has a free posterior border
b) Contains neurovascular supply to external genitalia and muscle tissue