Genetics and Health Week 11

Question 1

Define Epigenome

Answer 1

Switching between states

Question 2

Define Epigenetics

Answer 2

Changes in phenotype or gene expression caused by mechanisms where there is no change of base pairs

Involves molecular modifications to alter the activation of specific genes, turning genes on and off

Question 3

What are the three main types of modifications?

Answer 3

2 Histone Modifications

1 DNA Modifications

Question 4

What is the difference between Acetylation and Methylation?

Answer 4

Acetylation (Active) and Methylation (Inactive)

Question 5

How does 5-methylcytosine repress transcription?

Answer 5

1) Directly by interfering with transcription factor binding, prevent expression of the gene
2) Indirectly by attracting specific repressor proteins

Question 6

Human HOX genes

Answer 6

For cells to develop along a particular lineage, they must turn on a specific combination of segmentation identity genes and turn off genes not needed in that tissue/organ/segment

Question 7

Define Syndactyly

Answer 7

Abnormal joining of fingers or toes

Question 8

What is the role of PAX6

Answer 8

Developing eyes and sensory abilities