repro / pregnancy and lactation (exam 2) Flashcards
fetal cells give rise to ____ in women and _____ in men
ovaries, testes
ovaries and testes respond to _____ and ____
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)
what are the two hormones that maintain female structures?
estrogen, progesterone
what is the goal of female hormones?
prepare and maintain pregnancy
when are effects of estrogen noticed?
at menarche (first period)
what is associated with female characteristics?
estrogen
what produces estrogen
the ovaries
when is progesterone released?
after ovulation
what hormone helps support the development of the fetus
progesterone
what hormone effects body temperature to indicate ovulation
progesterone
what hormone stimulates the anterior pituitary to release FSH and LH
GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone)
what is the hormone that stimulates and maintains male structures?
testosterone
when does testosterone start to release
puberty
what maintains changes caused by testosterone?
androgens
when does puberty start in males?
9-14
what stimulates the production of sperm
FSH
what stimulates spermatogenesis
LH
what meds stop pre-term labor
tocolytics
what meds stimulate contraction
oxytocic agents
what meds stop hemorrhage in pregnancy?
uterogenics
infertility is the inability to conceive after _________
a year of trying
what are causes of infertility in women?
ovulation disorder, blocked fallopian, endometriosis, anomalies of uterus, old age
what are causes of infertility in men?
absence of sperm, declining sperm, testicular anomalies, ejaculatory dysfunction
what is clomiphene citrate?
ovarian stimulator
what is menotropin?
stimulate ovulation
what is follitropin?
stimulate ovulation
what is human chorionic gonadotropin?
stimulate ovulation
what is leuprolide?
prevent premature ovulation, better egg quality
what ways are infertility meds given?
PO, IM, SQ
what are adverse effects of infertility drugs?
-multiple births
-hot flashes
when is maternal-placental-fetal circulation complete?
by week 3
when does placental transfer occur?
week 5
what are 2nd and 3rd trimester effects?
-growth retardation
-respiratory problems
-infections
-bleeding
what are the 2 highest pregnancy categories?
D and X
how to prevent anemia in pregnant people?
pre-natal vitamins, increased iron diet
what helps constipation in pregnant people?
psyllium
docusate
milk of magnesia
what helps GERD in pregnant people?
histamine 2 blockers
antacids
what helps gestational diabetes
injected insulin only
how to treat group B strep in pregnant people?
penicillin
what treats HIV in pregnancy
zidovudine
what are maternal therapeutics?
meds to help the mother that wont affect baby
what are fetal therapeutics?
meds given to mom to help fetus
-digoxin
-levothyroxine
-betamethasone
what are drugs that inhibit labor and maintain pregnancy?
tocolytics
preterm labor are contractions before ____ weeks
37
example of tocolytics?
magnesium sulfate, nifedipine
what meds induce labor?
prostaglandins and oxtocics
what are the prostaglandins?
dinoprostole and misoprostol
what are analgesics for labor and delivery?
nalbuphine, epidural containing fentanyl / local analgesic
what kind of drugs are used to stop postpartum hemorrhage?
uterotonics
what are examples of uterotonics?
-oxytocin, carboprost tromethamine, methylergonovine
what med stimulates lactation?
metoclopramide
what drugs are used to treat depression in lactating women
SSRIs
what kind of birth control shouldn’t be used during lactation
progesterone only BC
a couple has been trying to conceive for 8 mo without luck, what is their first choice drug?
-leuprolide
-human gonadotropin
-follitropin beta
-clomiphene citrate
clomiphene citrate (ovarian stimulator, inc. FSH and LH)
woman w/ seizures tales phenytoin, she understands risk during pregnancy. What should the nurse advise?
-discuss w/ gynecologist and neurologist
-stop taking and start folic acid
-should start vitamin
-should talk to genetic counselor
gyno and neuro
