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Pharm 2 > redfern material (exam 3) > Flashcards

redfern material (exam 3) Flashcards

1
Q

a deficiency in this inhibitory neurotransmitter is responsible for causing anxiety

A

GABA

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2
Q

T or F?
anxiety is always negative

A

false

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3
Q

why is it important to not stop a benzodiazepine abruptly?

A

rapid discontinuation will cause withdrawal

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4
Q

T or F?
there is no risk of dependence while taking benzo

A

false

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5
Q

what are the 3 meds to treat anxiety?

A

benzodiazepines, SSRIs, tricyclic antidepressants

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6
Q

what stage of sleep is dreams, more body movement, faster pulse, and increased breathing?

A

REM

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7
Q

adverse effects of benzodiazepines?

A

dizzy, drowsy, falls, confusion, depressed, seizures, nausea

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8
Q

what should be avoided while taking benzos

A

alcohol

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9
Q

T or F
you can administer grapefruit juice with meds

A

false

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10
Q

______ can interact with prescription meds, so make sure you know what your patient is taking

A

herbal supplements, OTC meds

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11
Q

T/F?
Benadryl when used in children can cause CNS excitability rather than CNS depression

A

true

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12
Q

what are the 3 neurotransmitters involved in pathophysiology of depression

A

norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin

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13
Q

how long should a patient take an antidepressant medication before symptoms improve

A

4-6 weeks

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14
Q

what is the BBW for tricyclic antidepressants?

A

SI in adolescents, toxic in overdose

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15
Q

what are some adverse effects of tricyclic antidepressants

A

CNS: ortho hypo, nystagmus, restless, tremors
-cardiac dysrhythmias, myocardial depression

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16
Q

tricyclic antidepressants should not be used with what other drug class as serious implications can occur?

A

MAOIs (seizure/death)

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17
Q

what dietary teaching is needed for a patient on a MAOI

A

avoid tyramine rich foods (aged cheese, processed meat, beer, wine)

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18
Q

what can occur if a patient on a MAOI eats tyramine foods?

A

hypertensive crisis

19
Q

what is the treatment of a hypertensive crisis?

A

phentolamine

20
Q

what is the BBW for an atypical antipsychotic used for smoking cessation

A

neuropsychiatric reaction

21
Q

what is the drug of choice for bipolar

A

lithium

22
Q

how is lithium excreted

A

kidneys

23
Q

explain importance of watching fluid/sodium intake while taking lithium

A

avoid toxicity

24
Q

how often are serum drug concentrations of lithium required and when should they be taken?

A

2-3x weekly
should be in the morning, 12 hours after last dose

25
Q

what is the neurotransmitter most prominently associated with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders

A

dopamine

26
Q

what are the 2 major drug classes of meds used to treat psychotic disorders?

A

typical first gen
atypical second gen

27
Q

what is an example of a typical first generation anti-psychotic

A

chlorpromazine

28
Q

what is an example of an atypical second generation anti-psychotic

A

clozapine

29
Q

therapeutic effects of antipsychotic therapy usually occur over what time frame?

A

1-2 months

30
Q

which gen of antipsychotics have lower risk side effects

A

second gen

31
Q

what condition can occur as a result of long term antipsychotic use

A

tardive dyskinesia

32
Q

what condition involves loss of muscle movement, muscle rigidity and tremors, shuffling gait, masked facies, and drooling?

A

drug induced Parkinson’s

33
Q

why is it important for prescribers to limit number of doses that can be obtained with a stimulant

A

reduces dependence
reduces others abusing it when they dont have it prescribed

34
Q

large doses of stimulants can lead to what?

A

excessive CNS stimulation and sympathetic nervous system stimulation

35
Q

when should a stimulant be administered and why?

A

early in morning after awakening, last dose 6 hours before bedtime. children should take 30-45 mins before meals to minimalize appetite supressant

36
Q

explain significance of drug holiday

A

can cause appetite suppression, so the child doesnt have to take during school. Allows return of normal function, maintain sensitivity to drug and reduce adverse effects. decreases weight loss and growth suppression

37
Q

BBW for amphetamine related drugs

A

risk of dependence.
this has been added to all ADHD and narcolepsy drugs for risk of sudden death, CV probs, and psychosis and aggression

38
Q

what neurotransmitter stimulates brains reward system and leads to compulsive drug administration/abuse

A

dopaminergic neurons

39
Q

name 3 reasons why treatment of drug dependence is limited

A

1) only specific antidotes available
2) high risk for substituting drugs
3) drawbacks to giving CNS stimulants to reverse effects of CNS depressant and vice-verse

40
Q

BBW of using benzos for alcohol wothdrawal

A

use of benzos with opioid anlgesics have serious adverse reactions including resp depression and death

41
Q

patient should never consume what when taking antabuse? what household items should they avoid?

A

-alcohol
-cough syrup, mouth wash, vinegar, cologne, hand sanitizer

42
Q

meds to treat opioid abuse?

A

methadone, natrexone, buprenorphine

43
Q

BBW for methadone

A

needs to be approved for opioid addiction
deaths reported
emergency services on standby
monitor QT interval (prolongation)

44
Q

T/F?
there are many proven pharmacological treatments related to CNS stimulant abuse / dependence?

A

false

Pharm 2 (10 decks)

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