Repro 5 Flashcards
Wheree do the female gonads stop theri descent?
The pelvis
How are the ovaries supplied with blood?
Direct branches of the abdominal aorta
How are the ovaries drained of blood?
R&L ovarian vein
From where do the ovarian veins arise respectively?
R - IVC
L - left renal vein
What are the main parts of the uterus? From top to bottom please
Hint: 4
Uterine tube
Fundus
Body
Cervix
How many peritoneal pouches have an anatomical relationship with the uterus and what are they called?
2 - anterior and posterior
What are the correct names for the anterior and posterior pouches surrounding the uterus?
Anterior - Uterovesical
Posterior - Pouch of douglas
What are the posterior fornices of the vagina?
The most superior parts of the vagina on each side and behind the cervix
What are the paramesonephrics?
A pair of ducts opening cranially to connect to the urogenital sinus caudally
What condition is needed for the persistance of the paramesonephric ducts?
Lack of MIH
What is the fate of the paramesonephric ducts in women?
They fuse at the midline creating a broad transverse fold draped in peritoneum
What will the paramesnephric ducts become?
The uterus
What is the broad ligament?
A peritoneal fold in the female pelvis creating a mesentery of the uterus, uterine tube and ovary
What is the round ligament?
A continuation of the ligament of the ovary
What is the embryological origin of the round ligament?
The gubernaculum
Breifly describe the position of the round ligament
It is attached to the ovary and labium majus and travels through the inguinal canal
What is the name given to the angle of the vagina in the situ?
Anteverted
What is the name given to the angle of the cervix in situ?
Antiflexed
Name the parts of the uterine tube
Hint: 5
Abdominal ostium Fimbria Infundibulum Ampulla Isthmus
What are the functions of the uterine tube?
Hint: 2
To conduct oocytes into the uterine cavity
It is usually the site of fertilisation
What difference between the uterine cavity and the uterine tubes has clinical significance and why?
The tube has a different lining
Increases severity of consequaneces of ectopic pregnancy
What difference between male and female with regards to the peritoneum has cinical significance and why?
In the female, the peritoneal cavity is open via the ostium of teh uterine tube
This presents a risk of peritonitis
What is the transverse cervical ligament and what is its function?
A thickening at the base of the broad ligament providing lateral stability to the cervix
What are the uterosacral ligaments?
Fibrous tissue extending from the rectouterine folds to attach to the front of the sacrum
What are the functions of the uterosacral ligaments?
Hint: 2
Oppose the anterior pull of the round ligament
Aid in maintenance of anterversion
What are the main arteries supplying the female genitalia?
Hint: 4
Ovarian
Uterine
Vaginal
Internal pudendal
What is the ovarian artery a branch of?
Abdominal aorta
What is the uterine artery a branch of?
Anterior division of the internal iliac
What is the internal pudendal artery a branch of?
Anterior division of internal iliac
What nodes are involved in lymphatic drainage of the uterus?
Hint: 5
Paraaortic External iliac Internal iliac Sacral Ingunial
To which nodes does the ovary drain?
Paraaortic
Which nodes drain the fundus of the uterus?
Paraaortic & inguinal
Which nodes drain the body of the uterus?
External iliac
Which nodes drain the cervix?
External & internal iliac
Sacral
What are the labia majora?
The relativley large outer folds of the vulva
What do the labia majora enclose?
The pudendal cleft
What are the labia minora?
The smaller inner folds of the vulva
What do the labia minora enclose?
Hint: 3
The vestibule of the vagina, its bulbs and the clitoris
What is within the vestibule of the vagina?
Hint: 4
The orifices of the urethra and vagina
The greater and lesser vestibular glands
What is the correct name for the greater vestibular glands?
Bartholin glands
What are the two common problems with the greater vestibular glands?
Bartholintitis
Bartholin gland cyst
What is culdocentesis?
Procedure for obtaining peritoneal fluid accumulated in the recto-uterine pouch
What is used in a culdocentesis?
A needle and syringe
Where is the needle inserted in a culdocentesis?
Through the vaginal wall into the pouch of douglas
What is the innervation of the vagina?
1st 5th - pudendal nerve
Remainder - uterovaginal plexus
What is the innervation of the femal perineum?
Pudendal & ilioinguinal nerves
Breifly describe the course of the pudendal nerve
Hint: 3 steps
Exits pelvis via greater sciatic foramen
Enters perineum via lesser sciatic foramen
Travels trhough pudendal canal
What is the pelvic floor?
Muscular and fibrous tissue diaphragm
Where is the pelvic floor?
In the lower part of the pelvic canal
What are the (anatomical) functions of the pelvic floor?
Hint: 4
Fills the lower part of the pelvic canal
Closes the abdominal cavity
Defines the upper border of the perineum
Supports the pelvic organs
Which structures pierce the pelvic floor?
Urethra, vagina, rectum
