Head & Neck 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the four relevant structures relating to the lacrimal gland and be sure of their location

A

Lacrimal canal
Lacrimal sac
Nasolacrimal Duct
Inferior meatus of nasal cavity

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2
Q

Name, from the top clockwise (if viewed from the front), the bones involved in forming the orbit
Hint: 6

A
Frontal 
Ethmoid 
Lacrimal 
Maxilla 
Zygomatic 
Sphenoid (more back and centre)
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3
Q

Boundary time. Apex of the orbit please.

A

Optic canal

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4
Q

Roof of the orbit?

Hint: 2

A

Frontal and sphenoid bones

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5
Q

Lateral wall of the orbit?

Hint: 2

A

Zygomatic and sphenoid bones

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6
Q

Medial wall of the orbit?

Hint: 4

A

Ethmoid, maxillary, lacrimal and sphenoid bones

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7
Q

Base of the orbit? Hint: 2

A

Maxillary and zygomatic bones

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8
Q

Name the three most important openings at the back of the orbit

A

Optic Canal (obviously)
Superior Orbital Fissure
Inferior Orbital Fissure

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9
Q

Name the contents of the optic canal

Hint: 2

A

Optic nerve

Opthalmic artery

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10
Q

List the contents of the superior orbital fissure

Hint: 2 and 4

A
Superior and inferior opthalmic veins
Oculomotor nerve [III]
Abducens nerve [VI]
Opthalmic nerve [V1]
Trochlear nerve [IV]
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11
Q

What branches of the opthalmic nerve pass through the inferior orbital fissure?

A

Lacrimal, frontal and nasocilliary

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12
Q

How many layers can it be said the eye has? What are they?

A

3; outer fibrous layer, middle vascular layer and inner layer

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13
Q

What strucutres comprise the outer fibrous layer of the eye?

Hint: 2

A

Cornea

Sclera

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14
Q

What structures comprise the middle vascular layer of the eye?
Hint: 3

A

Iris
Ciliary Body
Choroid

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15
Q

What is the choroid of the eye?

A

A vascular layer of connective tissue providing the nutrients ot the rest of the eye

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16
Q

What is the function of the suspensory ligaments of the eye?

A

To relax and contract the lens of the eye to focus on objects near and far

17
Q

What and where is teh blind spot?

A

Aka the optic disc, it is the point of the eye where the optic nerve leaves in the optic canal and therefore there are no rods or cones present

18
Q

What is the name given to the examination of the eye?

A

Fundoscopy

19
Q

What is the fovea?

A

The area of the retina with the highest concentration of cone cells

20
Q

What is the macula of the eye?

A

The dark area in the retina surrounding and including the fovea

21
Q

How is it possible to determine which eye is being looked at from a micrograph?

A

The optic disc is medial to the nose

22
Q

What change is seen in the eye with raised intracranial pressure?

A

A raised optic disc

23
Q

How does retinal detachment occur? How is it treated?

A

Strong impact to the head e.g. in contact sports

Can be reattached by surgery if caught quick enough

24
Q

What feature of the optic nerve is clinically relevant meningitis?

A

Its envelopment in the three layers of mater

This means inflammation of the meninges causes photophobia

25
Q

What are the three layers of mater?

A

Pia, arachnoid and dura

26
Q

How are the chambers of the eye divided?

A

Anterior and posterior

27
Q

What do the chambers of the eye contain?

A

Aqueous humor

28
Q

What does the posterior segment of the eye contain?

A

Vitreous humor hence its name of Vitreous body

29
Q

Where is the aqueous humor produced?

A

Ciliary body

30
Q

Describe the course of flow of the aqueous humor

A

Ciliary body -> anterior chamber -> trabecular meshwork

31
Q

What is the function of the aqueous humor?

A

Supplies necessary nutrients

32
Q

Where are the suspensory ligaments found?

A

Between the lens and the ciliary body

33
Q

What is an open angle glaucoma?

A

The widening of the angle between the iris and cornea due to a blockage of the trabecular meshwork

34
Q

How is an open angle glaucoma treated?

A

Although optic nerve damage possible, not a medical emergency so treated with drops to unblock it