Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ESA 4 - 2017 - Incomplete/Some errors > Head & Neck 4 > Flashcards

Head & Neck 4 Flashcards

1
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

A

12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where do the cranial nerves originate from?

Hint: 2 sources

A

1-2 - brain itself (forebrain)

3-12 - Brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the brainstem?

A

Tissue joining the spinal cord to the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name the parts of the brainstem

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is CN I?

A

Olfactory nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which types of axon are carried by CN I?

A

Special sense (i.e. smell)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What structure does CN I pass through?

A

Foramina in cribriform plate of ethmoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the commonest cause of anosmia?

A

URTI (i.e. cold)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is CN II?

A

Optic nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What types of axon does CN II carry

A

Special sensory (i.e. vision)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is significant about the route of CN II?

Hint: 2

A 
Optic canal (disc) is blind spot 
Optic chiasm is where the nerves cross over
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the clinical relevance of the optic chiasm?

A

CLose to pituitary gland so tumours can cause problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is CN III?

A

Occulomotor nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What types of axon are carried by CN III?

A

Motor

Autonomic (parasympathetics that hitch-hike on it)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

CN III: functions?

A

Innervation of 4/6 occular muscles

Pupil constriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What will a patient with occulomotor lesion present with?

A

Down and out
Diplopia
Pupillary dilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What improtant structure does CN III pass through?

A

Cavernous sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What, therefore, are the common causes of CN III lesions?

Hint: 4

A

Raised intracranial pressure
Aneurysm
Cavernous sinus thrombosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which muscle is responsible for retracting the eyelid?

A

Levator palpebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is CN IV?

A

Trochlear nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is clinically significant about the route of CN IV?

A

Longest of all the cranial nerves as it is the only one to arise from the dorsal aspect of the brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Whuch types of axon are carried by CN IV?

A

Motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the function of CN IV?

A

Innervates on extra-ocular muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What makes CN IV lesions difficult to spot?

A

Symptoms can be corrected with a tilting of the head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
How would a patient with CN IV typically present?
Cannot read properly or falls down the stairs i.e. cannot look down properly
26
What is CN V?
Trigeminal nerve
27
Which types of axon are carried by CN V?
Motor | General sensory
28
Name the main branches of CN V
Opthalmic Maxillary Mandibular
29
CN V: functions?
Innervation of muscles of mastication | Sensation to face
30
What is CN VI?
Abducens nerve
31
Which two significant structures does CN VI pass through?
Superior orbital fossa | Cavernous sinus
32
What types of axon are carried by CN VI?
Motor
33
What is the only muscle innervated by CN VI?
Lateral rectus
34
What classic symptom will patients with CN VI lesions present with?
Diplopia
35
What feature of the route of CN VI makes it particularly susceptible to raised ICP?
Runs along the ventral surface of the pons up towards the cavernous sinus
36
What is CN VII?
Facial nerve
37
Describe the complex route of CN VII | Hint: 5 stages
Pons -> internal acoustic meatus -> petrous part of temporal bone -> branches off in ear -> stylomastoid foramen
38
Which types of axon are carried by CN VII?
Motor Special sensory Autonomic
39
What, then, are the functions of CN VII? | Hint: 3
Muscles of facial expression Taste in anterior 2/3 of tongue PS innervation to lacrimal & salivary glands
40
What is CN VIII?
Vestibulocochlear Nerve
41
What types of axon does CN VIII carry?
Special sensory
42
What is Bell's Palsy?
Facial nerve palsy - one side of the face droops
43
What is the function of CN VIII?
Hearing | Balance
44
What is CN IX?
Glossopharyngeal
45
Which types of axon are carried by CN IX?
General Sesnory Special Sensory Autonomic Motor
46
What are the general sensory functions of CN IX? | Hint: 3 structures
Sensation of soft palate, tonsils and oropharynx | Also carotid body and sinus
47
What are the special senory functions of CN IX?
Taste (and sensation) of posterior 1/3 of tongue
48
What are the autonomic functions of CN IX?
Parotid gland
49
What is CN X?
Vagus nerve
50
Breifly desribe the rout of CN X | Hint: 3 steps
Medulla -> jugular foramen -> carotid sheath
51
Which types of axon are carried by CN X?
General sensory Motor Autonomic Special sensory
52
What, then, are the general sensory functions of CN X
Laryngopharynx, larynx
53
What are the motor functions of CN X?
Muscles of the soft plate, pharynx and larynx
54
What are the autonomic functions of CN X?
Parasympathetic innervation to thoracic and abdominal viscera
55
What is teh clinical relevence to a specific branch of CN X?
Recurrent laryngeal - can cuase hoarseness
56
What is CN XI?
Spinal accessory nerve
57
What types of axon are carried by CN XI?
Motor
58
What, then, are the functions of CN XI?
Innervation of SCM and trapezius
59
Which structure in the neck does CN XI run through?
Posterior triangle
60
What is CN XII?
Hypoglossal nerve
61
What types of axon are carried by CN XII?
Motor
62
What, then, are the functions of CN XII?
Innervates muscles of the tongue
63
How would a patient with CN XII lesions present?
Weakness and atrophy of tongue muscles on ipsilateral side
64
Where is the cavernous sinus found?
Next to the lateral asspect of the body of the sphenoid bone
65
Which artery is found in the cavernous sinus and why?
Internal carotid - allows for cooling of the blood before reaching the brain
66
Which nerves are found within the cavernous sinus? | Hint: 3
CN III CN IV Opthalmic and maxillary branches of Trigeminal

ESA 4 - 2017 - Incomplete/Some errors (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions