Renal System Flashcards
Are kidneys paired
Yes
What do ureters do
Convey urine from kidneys to bladder
What does the bladder do
Stores urine until discharged conveniently
What does the urethra do
Passes urine to exterior
The kidneys are located
Closely attached to dorsal abdomen - one on each side of vertebral column
Left kidney is more caudal by about half the organ’s length & right kidney is often in contact with liver
Kidneys are largely ____
Retroperitoneal - peritoneal membrane is not present on all surfaces of kidneys
Where is peritoneal membrane on kidneys
Usually only on one side of the right kidney, and more completely covers surface of left kidney
Kidneys are often buried in
Considerable fat within the sublumbar fascia. Fat protects the organ and is guarded by body.
In face of starvation, what fat is some of the last fat to go?
Peri-renal fat
Ureters begin in
A common expansion called renal pelvis & are very even caliber
Ureters travel:
Sagitally against the abdominal roof & bends medically upon entering pelvic cavity & enters near the neck of the bladder on dorsal surface
Ureter penetrates the bladder wall and
Protects against reflux of urine
Internal surface of bladder is _______ when full
Generally smooth. Much folded when empty
Two folds of bladder resist
Effacement & run from slit-like opening of the ureters to converge at exit of bladder & form the urethral crest which continues into the pelvic urethra
What is the trigone
Triangular region bounded by the openings of the ureters and the urethra - possibly has enhanced sensitivity
Innervation of bladder is supplied by
The sympathetic hypogastric and parasympathetic pelvic nerves
Continence is maintained by
Striated urethralis muscle - external sphincter
Bladder blood supply
From the vaginal or prostatic artery with some from the remnants of the umbilical arteries
Bladder has variability in size and position due to
Distensible nature - when small, fully contracted & globular with thick walls
When the bladder is enlarged, it is pear shaped and has:
A cranial vertex, intermediate body, and caudal neck that narrows to the internal urethral orifice
Contracted bladder in larger species is largely ____
Retroperitoneal
When does the bladder become intraperitoneal
After just moderate expansion
3 folds attach the bladder to the floor and lateral walls of abdomen:
Lateral vesical folds- paired (cranial edge holds the round ligaments of the bladder)
Median vesical fold
