Ovary & Uterine Adnexia Flashcards
What is the order of follicles from embryos to ovulation?
Primordial follicle, primary follicle, secondary follicle, tertiary follicle
When do primordial follicles start populating the ovary?
Before birth
T or F? When an animal is born, it’s born with all follicles it will ever have for life?
True
Ovarian follicles are found within the _______ of ovary
Cortex
What changes happen when the follicle is a primary follicle?
Basement membrane has developed
Oocyte has developed
Granulosa cells are cuboidal in appearance
What happens when the follicle becomes a secondary follicle?
Zona pelúcida starts to form
Proliferation of granulosa cells (many layers, not just 1 anymore)
What changes happen when the secondary follicle becomes tertiary?
Thecal layer grows & becomes thicker
Antrum develops
Can see the follicle
When can you call a follicle a tertiary follicle?
When the antrum starts to develop
Ovulation is the release of
Cumulus-oocyte complex
After ovulation, there’s a rapid transformation of ________ & ________ cells
Granulosa & thecal cells
Following ovulation, is there a disruption of capillary supply
Yes - leads to blood loss & escape
Ovulation: granulosa & thecal cells reorganize themselves, proflierate, and undergo lutenization to become what
The CL
Can CLs have cysts in their centers?
Yes, this is normal
what happens to the CL if the animal doesn’t get pregnant
CL goes away & becomes Corpus albucans
What is the ovary covered with
Mesothelium - serosal layer covering outside of ovary
Is the tunica albuginea under the mesothelium?
Yes
Blood and lymph is provided to the ovary via
Mesovarium
What does the equine ovary look like as a foal (shape, cortex/medulla?)
Starts as an oval. Cortical material is on ventral surface and almost looks like genital ridge. Medullary tissue is on dorsal surface and has blood vessels on surface
As horse matures, mesencyhymal growth of ovary occurs on
Poles and ovary becomes bean shaped
As horse matures, what happens to the cortical tissue?
Gets concentrated into one focal location
Horse - adult ovary - deep depression is called
Ovulation fossa
Equine - does the mesothelium cover the whole ovary?
Yes
Does the largest animal have the largest gonads?
No
Where does ovulation take place in the horse?
Ovulation fossa
If not horse, where does ovulation happen?
Ovulation can take place over any side of ovary
Pig ovary - shape is irregular and bumpy because
Ovary has so many follicles
Cows - can you see/palpate follicles?
Yes! Both
What size of follicle can you see with your naked eye?
Tertiary
Horse- can you see/palpate follicles?
Can palpate fluid if its a big follicle
Equine - can you palpate CLs
Yes
Equine - 3° follicle has to grow towards _________ to ovulate
Ovulation fossa
What is superstimulation?
Causing many follicles to grow to preovulatory size & greatly changing size & shape of ovary to do that
The broad ligament attaches
The uterus to the body wall
The Suspensory ligament comes off the
Cranial pole of ovary
The suspensory ligament is a strong ligament that attaches to the
Last rib, fixing ovary in cranial position to kidney
The broad ligament is made up of
2 layers of peritoneum coming down from roof of abdomen & sandwiching together as they wrap around descending uterine horn
Broad ligament conveys what to uterus
Blood vessels & nervous supply to uterus - it contain fat & blood vessels
In some species, you can have smooth muscle in the broad ligament, which is known as
Perimetrium & this smooth muscle joins up with the longitudinal muscle layer of uterus
Which species is perimetrium prominent in?
Mare & cow
Broad ligament connecting to uterine horn is called
Mesometrium
The section of the broad ligament that connects to the ovary is called the
Mesovarium
The section of the broad ligament that connects to the uterine tube is called the
Mesosalpinx
What is the origin of the broad ligament
Roof of abdomen
Where do the suspensory and proper ligaments come off the ovary & go?
Suspensory- off cranial pole of ovary to last rib
Proper - goes from caudal pole of ovary to uterus
What is the round ligament of the uterus?
Remnant of gubernaculum
Does the round ligament pass through the inguinal canal?
Yes, then attaches to lateral wall of vagina
Where does the ovarian artery come from?
Caudal to suspensory ligament covered in fat - comes down towards ovary
What branches off of the ovarian artery?
Uterine branch of ovarian artery
Caudal blood vessel that provides uterus blood supply
Uterine branch of vaginal artery
Location of uterine branch of vaginal artery
Comes very close to body of uterus, then feeds into lateral wall of uterus in broad ligament
Do any vessels anastomosis in the uterus?
YES
Name the 2 vessels that form the anastomosis in the uterus?
Uterine branch of vaginal artery & uterine branch of ovarian artery
Where does the vaginal artery branch off of?
External iliac artery
Where does the ovarian artery come from?
Abdominal aorta
Cows - does smooth muscle become denser near uterine body
Yes
Pigs - does smooth muscle become denser near uterine body
No
What structures make up the ovarian bursa?
Mesovarium, mesosalpinx, infundibulum, & proper ligament from ovary
Which species have an open ovarian bursa?
Horses, cows, pigs
Which species have a closed ovarian bursa?
Dogs
