renal pharm Flashcards
epakatin is made from the shells of shrimp and crabs
true
urinary acidifiers can be given to help with which type of crystal / urolith
struvite
which type of diuretic would you give to a patient that was hit by a car and now has increased CSF pressure
osmotic diuretics
hypernatermia can sometimes be seen with long term use of potassium sparing diuretics
false (hyperkalemia)
where do loop diuretics exert their action within the nephron
ascending loop of henle
____ are drugs used to remove excess extracellular fluid by increasing urine flow and sodium excretion
diuretics
antidotal to the adverse reactions of cholinergic drugs
atropine
example of a urinary alkalizer
potassium citrate
drug family that can cause decreased GI motility and decreased gastric emptying, which can lead to decreased absorption of certain medications
anticholinergics
anticholinergic drugs case muscle
relaxation
SLUD stand for
salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation
what produces catecholamines
adrenal gland
list 3 catecholamines
epinephrine, norepi, dopamine
what is the basic functional unit of the kidney
nephron
what converts angiotensin into angiotensin 1
renin
what converts angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2
ACE
define uremia
raised level of urea and other nitrogenous waste
do uremic patients need medication alterations
lower dosages or nephrotoxic drugs
does erythropoietin production increase or decrease with renal failure
decrease
what are the 5 diuretic classes
loop, osmotic, thiazide, potassium sparing, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
how do diuretic drugs work
remove excess extracellular fluid by increasing urine flow and sodium excretion
what is the antidote for cholinergic agonists
atropine
what are the signs of cholinergic agonist toxicity
vomiting, defecation, dyspnea, tremors
what is the medical term for increased blood potassium levels
hyperkalemia
do anticholinergic drugs produce muscle relaxation or contraction
relaxation
what is the adrenergic antagonist and what is it used for
prazosin - commonly used in FLUTD to reduce internal sphincter tone
what is another name for epinephrine
adrenaline
what is the beta adrenergic drug and why is it often given with a diuretic
propanolol - has a tendency to cause salt and water retention
what do ace inhibitors do
block the conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2
list the 3 ace inhibitors
benazepril, enalapril, lisinopril
what is the potassium sparing diuretic
spironolactone
what is the urinary acidifier and why would one be given
ammonium chloride - to help dissolve / prevent struvite crystals and uroliths
what is the muscle relaxant that can be used to treat urinary incontinence in dogs
baclofen
does baclofen have a wide or narrow margin of safety
narrow
what is the TCA that can be used to treat urinary incontinence in both dogs and cats
imipramine (tofranil)
how does Azodyl work
reduce azotemia from renal failure by causing enteric dialysis
which group of diuretic can also be used to tx glaucoma
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
they reduce the IOP by reducing production of aqueous humor
decreased blood sodium levels
hyponatremia
what is the major loop diuretic
furosemide
where do loop diuretics exert their action within the nephron
loop of henle
hemonate filter is used during the administration of which diuretic and why
osmotic - they can re crystalize quickly
which diuretic crosses the placental barrier
thiazide
which diuretic class can be given to help reduce ICP
osmotic
what TCA can be given to help tx the symptoms that can be associated with idiopathic flutd cats
prazosin
what typeof drug is buscopan
anticholinergic
