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module 6 > renal pharm > Flashcards

renal pharm Flashcards

1
Q

epakatin is made from the shells of shrimp and crabs

A

true

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2
Q

urinary acidifiers can be given to help with which type of crystal / urolith

A

struvite

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3
Q

which type of diuretic would you give to a patient that was hit by a car and now has increased CSF pressure

A

osmotic diuretics

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4
Q

hypernatermia can sometimes be seen with long term use of potassium sparing diuretics

A

false (hyperkalemia)

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5
Q

where do loop diuretics exert their action within the nephron

A

ascending loop of henle

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6
Q

____ are drugs used to remove excess extracellular fluid by increasing urine flow and sodium excretion

A

diuretics

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7
Q

antidotal to the adverse reactions of cholinergic drugs

A

atropine

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8
Q

example of a urinary alkalizer

A

potassium citrate

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9
Q

drug family that can cause decreased GI motility and decreased gastric emptying, which can lead to decreased absorption of certain medications

A

anticholinergics

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10
Q

anticholinergic drugs case muscle

A

relaxation

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11
Q

SLUD stand for

A

salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation

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12
Q

what produces catecholamines

A

adrenal gland

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13
Q

list 3 catecholamines

A

epinephrine, norepi, dopamine

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14
Q

what is the basic functional unit of the kidney

A

nephron

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15
Q

what converts angiotensin into angiotensin 1

A

renin

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16
Q

what converts angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2

A

ACE

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17
Q

define uremia

A

raised level of urea and other nitrogenous waste

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18
Q

do uremic patients need medication alterations

A

lower dosages or nephrotoxic drugs

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19
Q

does erythropoietin production increase or decrease with renal failure

A

decrease

20
Q

what are the 5 diuretic classes

A

loop, osmotic, thiazide, potassium sparing, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

21
Q

how do diuretic drugs work

A

remove excess extracellular fluid by increasing urine flow and sodium excretion

22
Q

what is the antidote for cholinergic agonists

A

atropine

23
Q

what are the signs of cholinergic agonist toxicity

A

vomiting, defecation, dyspnea, tremors

24
Q

what is the medical term for increased blood potassium levels

A

hyperkalemia

25
Q

do anticholinergic drugs produce muscle relaxation or contraction

A

relaxation

26
Q

what is the adrenergic antagonist and what is it used for

A

prazosin - commonly used in FLUTD to reduce internal sphincter tone

27
Q

what is another name for epinephrine

A

adrenaline

28
Q

what is the beta adrenergic drug and why is it often given with a diuretic

A

propanolol - has a tendency to cause salt and water retention

29
Q

what do ace inhibitors do

A

block the conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2

30
Q

list the 3 ace inhibitors

A

benazepril, enalapril, lisinopril

31
Q

what is the potassium sparing diuretic

A

spironolactone

32
Q

what is the urinary acidifier and why would one be given

A

ammonium chloride - to help dissolve / prevent struvite crystals and uroliths

33
Q

what is the muscle relaxant that can be used to treat urinary incontinence in dogs

A

baclofen

34
Q

does baclofen have a wide or narrow margin of safety

A

narrow

35
Q

what is the TCA that can be used to treat urinary incontinence in both dogs and cats

A

imipramine (tofranil)

36
Q

how does Azodyl work

A

reduce azotemia from renal failure by causing enteric dialysis

37
Q

which group of diuretic can also be used to tx glaucoma

A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

they reduce the IOP by reducing production of aqueous humor

38
Q

decreased blood sodium levels

A

hyponatremia

39
Q

what is the major loop diuretic

A

furosemide

40
Q

where do loop diuretics exert their action within the nephron

A

loop of henle

41
Q

hemonate filter is used during the administration of which diuretic and why

A

osmotic - they can re crystalize quickly

42
Q

which diuretic crosses the placental barrier

A

thiazide

43
Q

which diuretic class can be given to help reduce ICP

A

osmotic

44
Q

what TCA can be given to help tx the symptoms that can be associated with idiopathic flutd cats

A

prazosin

45
Q

what typeof drug is buscopan

A

anticholinergic

module 6 (15 decks)

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