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module 6 > neuro pharm > Flashcards

neuro pharm Flashcards

1
Q

t/f: tranquilizers are anxiolytics and sedatives are not

A

true

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2
Q

drugs that are used to control seizures caused by over-stimulation of the nervous system are called

A

anticonvulsants

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3
Q

long term use of ___ can lead to liver toxicity

A

phenobarbital

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4
Q

____ is the reversible agent for benzo’s

A

flumazenil

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5
Q

___ and ___ are the 2 main neurotransmitters / receptors most behavior modifying drugs target

A

serotonin and dopamine

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6
Q

___ is the opioid receptor that is primarily responsible for the profound analgesia associated with narcotics

A

MU

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7
Q

another name for pain receptor is

A

nociceptor

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8
Q

___ is the naturally derived opiate drug that is used primarily for its pain alleviating properties

A

morphine

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9
Q

____ is an example of a CNS stimulant that is no longer used as a respiratory stimulant for neonates

A

doxapram (dopram)

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10
Q

in addition to treating cushings disease, ____ can also be used to treat behavioral problems

A

selegiline (anipryl)

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11
Q

neuroleptanalgesia is the combination of an ___ and ____

A

opioid and tranquilizer

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12
Q

___ is a commonly used opioid used in cats that can easily be delivered through the MM

A

buprenorphine (bupernex)

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13
Q

___ is the tx of choice when an animal is experiencing serotonin syndrome

A

cyproheptadine

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14
Q

___ is an example of a drug that should be avoided in stallions

A

acepromazine

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15
Q

why is acepromazine not used in breeding stallions

A

penile prolapse

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16
Q

what would influence the choice of anticonvulsant used

A

seizure activity, frequency of episodes, patient limitations, owner limitations

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17
Q

what are the 3 categories of anticonvulsant drugs

A

barbiturates, benzodiazepines, bromides

18
Q

what are the 3 anticonvulsants that fall into their own category

A

zonisamide, keppra (levetiracetam), gabapentin

19
Q

what are the injectable benzodiazepines

A

Diazepam (valium), midazolam (versed)

20
Q

how do valium and versed differ

A

valium - lipid soluble, precipitates with other drugs
versed - water soluble, compatible with other drugs

21
Q

4 steps to the pain pathway

A

transduction, transmission, modulation, perception

22
Q

opioids are classified as mixed agonist/antagonists meaning

A

agonistic effect at one receptor and antagonistic effect at another

23
Q

which class of antidepressant medications function by modifying the activity of enzymes that are responsible for the biotransformation of neurotransmitters

A

MAOI (monoamine oxidase inhibitors)

24
Q

what are the 2 Mu agonist/antagonists

A

butorphanol (torbugesic), buprenorphine (bupernex)

25
Q

what are the methods that fentanyl can be administered and how long does each last

A

IV (20-30 min), patch (24-72 hours), solution ( up to 4 days)

26
Q

what is the ceiling effect

A

increasing the dose only increases duration

27
Q

how does tramadol work

A

prevents reuptake of serotonin - decreases perception of pain - blocks M1 receptors

28
Q

what are the alpha-2-agonists

A

xylazine (rompun), detomidine (dormosedan), medtomidine (domitor), dexmedetomidine (dexdormitor)

29
Q

why are bromides not used in cats

A

severe side effects that mimic feline asthma

30
Q

what are the 3 groups of antidepressants discussed in class

A

tricyclic antidepressants (TCA - clomipramine), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRI - fluoxetine), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI - selegiline)

31
Q

what is serotonin syndrome

A

serotonin overdose - hypertension, hyperthermia, tremors, seizures, altered mental status

32
Q

3 groups of behavior modifying drugs

A

antipsychotic, antidepressant, anxiolytic

33
Q

example of an antipsychotic drug

A

phenothiazine - acepromazine

34
Q

phenobarbital is measured in

A

grains

35
Q

drug type used in emergency situation to treat active seizures

A

benzodiazepines

36
Q

wind up pain

A

overall increase in pain perception

37
Q

morphine causes pupillary dilation in what species

A

cats and horses

38
Q

what is more potent hydro or morphine

A

hydromorphone

39
Q

what type of activity does methadone have

A

full mu and NMDA antagonist

40
Q

more potent: fentanyl or morphine

A

fentanyl

41
Q

what is the benefit of blocking NMDA receptors

A

prevent and or treat wind up pain

module 6 (15 decks)

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