renal dz Flashcards
pre renal
before the kidneys, blocking blood flow to the glomerulus
renal
nephron is malfunctioning
postrenal
something preventing urine from leaving the kidney/bladder
symptoms of cystitis
stanguria, pollakiuria, PUPD, oliguria
what diagnostic tests are done to diagnose cystitis
UA, rads, ultrasound, c/s
what does FIC stand for
feline idiopathic cystitis
what does FLUTD stand for
feline lower urinary tract disease
what does FUS stand for
feline urologic syndrome
what species typically has sterile cystitis
feline
what species typically has bacterial cystitis
canine
4 categories FIC can be put into
ulcerative, nonulcerative, obstructive, nonobstructive
hematuria
bloody urine
stranguria
straining to urinate
dysuria
difficulty urinating
pollakiuria
frequent small amounts of urine
anuira
absence of urination
hills s/d
short term - struvites
royal canin s/o
long term struvites and calcium oxalate
hills w/d
long term struvites
hills c/d
long term stuvites and calcium oxalate
hills u/d
long term urates
purina ur
long term struvites
should cats with FIC be placed on antibiotics
no
what should be used for pain control in cats with FIC
buprenex or torb
should onsior be used in cats with FIC
no there has not been documented proof that is helps
normal urine output
1-2 ml/kg/hr
surgery that can be performed if a male feline continues to block or it a serious urethral tear occurs
perineal urethrostomy
how do canine UTIs typically occur
ascending infection via the urethra
why are rads recommended for dogs that have recurrent UTI
to show stones / uroliths
if a M(I) dalmatian keeps returning to your clinic with UTI what should you be sure to check
prostate
what is the medical term for bladder stones
urolith
why do male animals tend to get urethral obstructions more frequently than females
longer more narrow urethra that has a curve
how do you determine what kind of urinary stone an animal has
microscopic examination
what is another name for struvite stones
magnesium / triple ammonia phosphate
are struvite stones found in acidic or alkaline urine
alkaline
If an owner elects to take their dog to surgery to remove bladder stones, what is the name for this procedure?
cystotomy
What is the major concern with dietary dissolution for bladder stones?
urethral obsctruction
Which type of urinary crystal/stone is associated with a high animal protein diet?
calcium oxalate
what dog/breed is predisposed to urate crystals
dalmatians
what is the diet used to treat urates
hills ud
Why is hyperkalemia seen in patients with a urinary obstruction and why is it a major concern?
they are unable to excrete the extra potassium, can become bradycardic with or without arrhythmias
Should you manually express the bladder of an obstructed animal? Why or why not?
no, can cause bladder rupture
What are the 2 main blood tests that you can see elevated due to azotemia? What is the 3rd that is becoming more popular?
BUN creat and sdma
Which type of renal failure can be treatable/has a better outcome
ARF
List 3 causes for acute renal failure.
toxins polynephritis immune mediated conditions
3 isotonic crystalloid
LRS, normosol, normal saline
tx of choice for ARF
fluid diuresis
Patients with CRF often have what common abnormality on CBC?
anemia
Define urinary incontinence.
loss of voluntary control of micturition
What is the generalized cause for urinary incontinence?
bladder tone is greater than that of the urethra
Estrogen related incontinence is most commonly seen in:?
older spayed females and intact males
What is benign prostatic hyperplasia, who do you see it in and what is the treatment?
intact male animas - prostate continues to grow throughout animals life which can impede urine flow/clamps down on urethra - castration is treatment
