neuro ap Flashcards
the all or nothing principle means
an entire neuron depolarizes to its maximum strength
the fight or flight response is a specific function of the
sympathetic nervous system
white matter is made up of
myelinated axons
in a healthy animal, if you shine a light in one eye what should happen
the pupils of both eyes should constrict
the ___ is the hole that runs through the spinal canal and it is where CSF is found
central canal
___ is the neurotransmitter for the PNS
acetylcholine
somatic reflexes involve _____
contraction of muscle
there are _____ cranial nerves which originate from the ____. cranial nerve ___ is known as vagus nerve
24, brainstem, x
____ break down most of the neurotransmitters
enzymes
the ___ is the space between a target cell and a neuron
synapse
neurons receive impulse at the ____ and send impulses from the
dendrite ; axon
afferent nerve fibers carry impulses ___ the CNS
toward
_____ are what composes white matter
myelinated axons
the ___ is the tough fibrous outer layer of the meninges. another name for this is
dura mater, tough mother
the ___ is the connective tissue that lays directly on the surface of the brain and spinal cord
pia mater
gray matter is found in the ___ and ____
cerebrum and cerebellum
the ____ is the portion of the brain that has control of the endocrine system
hypothalamus
the ___ is where the spinal cord exits the skull
brain stem
the ___ is the largest portion of the brain
cerebrum
the ____,_____, and ____ make up the brain stem
medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain
this coordinates balance and posture
cerebellum
this receives and interprets sensory information
cerebrum
this performs autonomic nervous function
brainstem
this coordinates complex reflexes
cerebellum
this area is where the cranial nerves originate
brainstem
this is where the conscious mind resides
cerebrum
this is where learning and intelligence resides
cerebrum
this serves as a passageway between the brainstem and cerebrum
dicencephalon
what is the blood brain barrier
keeps many drugs from readily passing from the blood into the brain
what are the inhibitory neurotransmitters
GABA, Acetylcholine, glycine
what are the excitatory neurotransmitters
norepi, epi, dopamine, acetylcholine
what is the refractory period
a neuron that has generated a nerve impulse cannot generate another
what is the all or nothing principle
an entire neuron depolarizes to its max strength
what are the nodes of ranvier and what is their purpose
gaps in the myelin, enhance speed of conduction of impulses?
what are schwann cells
in the PNS, make myelin, help during damage of neurons
what are the 4 lobes of the cerebrum
frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital
why does the brain have a wrinkled appearance
gyri - folds of brain tissue, sulci - shallow grooves, fissures - deep grooves, increases the surface area of the brain, makes more room for gray matter
a terminal bouton is found
at the end of the telodendron
