Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 2 Renal > Renal pathology II > Flashcards

Renal pathology II Flashcards

1
Q

what is the defining feature of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)? what is the cardinal feature?

A
  • defining feature: proteinuria

- cardinal feature: progressive glomerular scarring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the progresesion of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)?

A
  • early: glomerulosclerosis is focal and segmental

- late: diffuse and global

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the primary cause of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)? secondary?

A
  • primary: idiopathic

- secondary: virus, drug-induced, genetic, adaptive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what viruses are associated withfocal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)?

A
  • HIV
  • CMV
  • EBV
  • parvovirus B19
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what drugs are associated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)?

A
  • heroin

- anabolic steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

is hematuria associated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)?

A

yes, but microscopic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the LM, IF, and EM findings for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)?

A
  • LM: SEGMENTAL sclerosis
  • IF: mild IgM and C3, or negative
  • EM: diffuse epithelial cell injury (foot process effacement)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

mild IgM and C3 in sclerotic areas are seen in IF for what disease?

A

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what renal disease is associated with “waxing and waning” proteinuria?

A

membranous glomerulonephropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the pathogenesis of membranous glomerulonephropathy?

A

deposition of Ag-Ab complexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the LM, IF, EM findings in membranous glomerulonephropathy?

A
  • LM: thickened capillary walls, “SPIKES” on silver stain
  • IF: GRANULAR IgG and C3 along GBM
  • EM: subepithelial deposits
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

spikes on silver stain are associated with what renal disease?

A

membranous glomerulonephropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what stain is used for membranous glomerulonephropathy? what are you looking for?

A
  • silver stain

- spikes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how is membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis described?

A

usually nephrotic syndrome with a nephritic component (hematuria)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

are steroids and immunosuppressive agents effective against membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the pathogenesis of mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis?

A

mesangial hypercellularity (proliferative component) + capillary wall remodeling (with formation of double contours)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis can be divided into what two types? what characterizes each type?

A
  • type I: subendothelial deposits

- type II: intramembranous deposits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

“tram tracks” are seen in what renal disease? what is their cause?

A
  • membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type I

- reduplication (splitting) of the GBM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the LM, IF, and EM findings in membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type I?

A
  • LM: tram tracks
  • IF: granular C3 and often IgG
  • EM: subendothelial and mesangial deposits interpositioned between endothelial cells and GBM
20
Q

low serum C3 is seen in what renal disease?

A

membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type II

21
Q

70% of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type II have what factor? what is its function?

A
  • C3 nephritic factor

- autoantibody which stabilizes C3 convertase, protecting it from enzymatic degradation

22
Q

what is the pathogenesis of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type II?

A

persistent C3 activation and consumption causes hypocomplementemia and LOW serum C3

23
Q

what are the LM, IF, and EM findings in membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type II?

A
  • LM: tram tracks
  • IF: ONLY C3
  • EM: intramembrane deposits in lamina densa
24
Q

what is a common patient complaint for nephritis syndrome?

A

dark colored urine

25
Q

acute nephritic syndrome is caused by what two descriptive pathological changes?

A
  • diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis

- crescentic glomerulonephritis

26
Q

diffuse proliferative GN is associated with what pathogen?

A

post-strep GN

27
Q

crescenteric GN is caused by what 3 diseases?

A
  • goodpasture’s disease
  • lupus nephritis
  • ANCA associated diseases
28
Q

post infectious acute GN shows what symptoms?

A
  • hematuria
  • azotemia
  • oliguria
29
Q

does acute post infection GN infect children or adults?

A

children

30
Q

what are the LM, IF, and EM findings in post infection GN?

A
  • LM: diffuse proliferative GN with neutrophils
  • IF: scattered granular (“starry sky”) IgG, IgM, and C3 along GBM AND in masangium
  • EM: subepithelial “humps” (IgG, IgM, C3 along GBM focally)
31
Q

enlarged, hypercellular glomeruli with endothelial and mesangial cell proliferation - diagnosis?

A

acute post infection GN

32
Q

starry sky pattern on IF for renal disease - diagnosis?

A

post infection GN

33
Q

in crescenteric GN, where are the crescents?

A

cellular crescenteric proliferation of cells lining Bowman’s space

34
Q

the crescents in crescenteric GN contain what components?

A
  • anti GBM Abs
  • ICs
  • anti-PMN Ab
35
Q

what is the pathogenesis of crescenteric GN?

A
  • plasma constituents into Bowman’s space (coag factors, inflammatory mediators)
  • fibrin forms
  • proliferation of epithelial cells from the parietal wall of Bowman’s capsule
  • influx of monocytes / macrophages
36
Q

what are the 3 types of crescenteric GN? which type is associated with goodpasture’s disease?

A
  • type I: anti-GBM
  • type II: immune complex
  • type III: pauci-immune

type I is associated with goodpasture’s disease

37
Q

what is goodpasture’s disease?

A

autoimmune disease characterized by abnormal production of antibodies directed against type IV collagen which constitutes the GBM

38
Q

goodpasture disease results in what symptoms / signs?

A
  • vasculitis in lung and kidney

- pulmonary-renal syndome

39
Q

goodpasture disease causes what condition in the kidney/

A

crescenteric GN type I

40
Q

what will be elevated in goodpasture disease?

A

serum anti-GBM antibody

41
Q

how is goodpasture disease treated?

A
  • high dose steroids
  • cytotoxic agents
  • plasmapheresis
42
Q

what is pauci-immune crescenteric GN?

A

group of vasculitic disorders especially affecting small vessels

43
Q

pauci-immune crescenteric GN is associated with what Ab?

A

ANCA (anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody)

44
Q

wegener’s granulomatosis is an example of what GN?

A

pauci-immune crescenteric GN

45
Q

rapidly progressive GN is mostly associated with what type of GN?

A

cresenteric GN

Year 2 Renal (38 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions