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Year 2 Renal > Renal hypertension III > Flashcards

Renal hypertension III Flashcards

1
Q

what are the advantages of diuretics in patients with HTN?

A
  • lower CV morbidity and mortality
  • effective in both caucasians and AAs
  • cost effective
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2
Q

what are the disadvantages of diuretics in patients with HTN?

A
  • monitoring for adverse effects on serum potassium / glucose / lipids
  • reduced GFR
  • hyperglycemia / metabolic abnormalities (high doses)
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3
Q

creatinine clearance greater than 30 - what type of diuretic? less than 30?

A
  • greater than 30: thiazide

- less than 30: loop

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4
Q

amlodipine
nifedipine
nicardipine

what type of CCBs?

A

DHP

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5
Q

verapamil
diltiazem

what type of CCBs?

A

NDHP

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6
Q

what are the advantages of CCBs in patients with HTN?

A
  • reduced CV morbidity / mortality in ISH
  • antianginal
  • pts with contraindications to other drugs
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7
Q

what are the disadvantages of CCBs in patients with HTN?

A
  • conduction abnormalities (NDHBs)

- edema (high doses)

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8
Q

ACE inhibitors are preferred in patients with what symptoms / conditions?

A
  • HF due to systolic dysfunction
  • DM and proteinuria
  • post MI with low EF
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9
Q

what are the limitations of ACE inhibitors?

A
  • cough
  • hyperkalemia
  • low efficacy in AAs
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10
Q

what are the advantages of ARBs?

A
  • lower cough
  • for pts who cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors
  • uricosuric
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11
Q

what is the main limitation of ARBs?

A

hyperkalemia

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12
Q

what are the limitations of beta blockers for HTN?

A
  • lower insulin sensitivity
  • higher TGs
  • lower HDL
  • bad for reactive airway disease
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13
Q

what are the advantages of alpha blockers in HTN?

A
  • high cholesterol

- BPH

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14
Q

what is the main limitation of alpha blockers for HTN?

A

first dose syncope

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15
Q

what are the centrally acting a2 agonists in patients with HTN?

A
  • clonidine

- methyldopa

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16
Q

what is the main limitation of centrally acting a2 agonists?

A

rapid rebound HTN with abrupt withdrawal (avoid noncompliant pts)

17
Q

all ages WITHOUT CKD - what antihypertensive agent(s) do you start with in black and non-black patients?

A
  • black: thiazide or CCB

- nonblack: thiazide, ACEI / ARB, or CCB

18
Q

all ages WITH CKD - what antihypertensive agent(s) do you start with in black and non-black patients?

A

all races: ACEI / ARB

19
Q

what antihypertensive agent class is helpful in slowing demineralization in osteoporosis?

A

thiazide

20
Q

ACEIs should not be used in patients with what condition?

A

angioedema

21
Q

your patient just started a new BP pill and is now presenting with depression. which medication class could have this side effect?

A

beta blockers

22
Q

pt presents iwth HTN (not on medication) and hypokalemia this is concerning for

A

primary aldosteronism

23
Q

pt present with HTN and (not on medication) and hypercalcemia. this is concerning for?

A

hyperparathyroidism

24
Q

in what situation can you start 2 antiHTN drugs at once?

A
  • SBP over 160/100

- above goal SBP by over 20 or DBP over 10

25
Q

how does PAD risk compare to that in ischemic HD?

A

equivalent

26
Q

what medication should be used in PAD?

A

aspirin

27
Q

HTN in children is defined as BP in what percentile or greater?

A

95th percentile or greater

28
Q

is uncomplicated HTN a contraindication to physical activity?

A

NO

29
Q

what is the maximum initial decrease in DBP that can be done in treatment of hypertensive emergencies?

A

25%

30
Q

what is the limiting factor in nitroprusside use?

A

cyanide toxicity

31
Q

does hydralazine increase or decrease cardiac work?

A

increase

32
Q

stroke patients are eligible for lytic therapy if their BP is under what value?

A

185/110

33
Q

you cannot treat ischemic stroke with thrombolytic therapy unless the BP is over what value?

A

220/120

Year 2 Renal (38 decks)

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