Renal Pass Test Flashcards
Sometimes after relief of a urinary tract obstruction there may be a period of
Salt losing nephropathy (hyponatraemia with high urinary na loss)
When does pseudo hyponatraemia occur
With high levels of protein as in multiple myeloma or hypertrygliceridaemia
What is the most common type of renal cell carcinoma
Clear cell
What is the main sign of renal artery stenosis
Un controlled hypertension
For CKD to be diagnosed, the elevated GFR must be present for x months or more
3
First line for hypertension in CKD
ACEI
Why should potassium sparing diuretics be avoided in renal failure
Risk of hyperkalaemia
Although ACEI or arbs can be used in CKD for hypertension why can they not be used together
When used together they have a risk of hyperkalaemia and hypotension
Declining renal function with current URTI
IGA nephropathy
2-4 weeks after URTI
Post strep glomerulonephritis
Kidney disease hearing loss and eye abn
Alport syndrome
Which abx in pyelonephritis s
Gent and cefuroxime
What would a micturating cystogram rule out in recurrent pyelonephritis
Vesicoureteric reflux
Most people with PKD have what chromosome abn
PKD1 on chromosome 16
What is commonly seen in basculopaths after an intervention or manipulation such as an angiography which causes renal failure
Cholesterol embolism
Sudden onset flank pain Fever Haematuria Nausea Hypertension
Renal artery embolism
What are the four common features of Franconis syndrome
Polyuria
Hypophosphataemia
Acidosis
Hypokalaemia
PKD with back pain and fever what is it how do you treat and what organisms causes it
Infection of cyst
Gram neg
Fluroquinolones cotrimoxazole or chloramphenicol
What is the most likely cause of a subarachnoid in a patient with PKD
Rupture of a berry aneurysm
What is Cushings triad of raised intracranial pressure
Hypertension bradycardia and irregular breathing
Fundoscopy findings of hypertensive retinopathy include
Arteriolar constriction Arteriovenous nipping Flame haemorrhages cotton Cotton wool spots Hard exudates Pappiloedema
Why can PKD cause polycythemai
Increased production of epo
How do you treat a high phosphate
Calcium acetate
On lithium long term and develops polyuria and polydipsia
How do you treat
Lithium induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Reversible so treat with indomethicin
What makes hypertension malignant
How do you treat
Extremely raised bp with rentjnal haemorrhages or papilloedema
Sodium nitroprusside
What causes renal failure in myeloma
Light chain deposition leads to tubular toxicity
What is the triad of nephrotic syndrome
Hypoalbuminaemia <30
Proteinuria >3-5 g/24 hours
Peripheral oedema
IGA nephropathy is also called
Bergers disease
What are the 4 main indications for dialysis
Uraemic symptoms
Fluid overload
Refractory hyperkalaemia
Acidosis
Treat PBC with
Urseodeoxycholic acid
Why does chronic renal failure cause hypocalcaemia
Reduced vitamin d hydroxylation
Give 4 complications of haemodyalysis treated end stage renal failure
Amyloidosis
Secondary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Dyslipidaemia
Hyperhomocysteinaemia
Dilation of what can lead to nutcracker syndrome
Superior mesenteric artery dilation
Causes of nephrotic syndrome
Drugs Infection s like strep or malaria Vasculitis Diabetes Amyloidosis Allergic reactions
Complications of nephrotic syndrome
Renal failure
Renal vein thrombosis
Sepsis
What genetic condition poses a risk for renal cell carcinoma
VHL
Renal papillary necrosis is classically associated with
Sickle cell anaemia
Stage 1 CKD
> 90 gfr but evidence of damage
Stage 2 CKD
Mild impairments 60-89
Stage 3 CKD
30-59 moderate imp
Stage 4 CKD
15-29 sever impairemwnt
Stage 5 CKD
Established renal failure gfr <15
Anti GBM is also known as
Good pastures syndrome
Alports syndrome causes a defect in what type of collagen
Type 4
Renal biopsy or trauma is a risk factor for subsequent development of
Renal AV fistula
What is the usual pathological process for renal artery stenosis in young people
Fibromuscular dysplasia
Acute rejection occurs when
Within 6 mths I’d transplant
Hyper acute rejection occurs when
Within mins of transplant
What type of drug is Indapamide
Thiazide like diuretic
How do you calculate an anion gap
(Na+K) - (chloride+ bicarbonate)
Lost the three types of renal tubular acidosis with a cause for each
Type 1 - sickle cell disease
Type 2 - heavy metal toxicity
Type 3 - Addison’s disease
