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Year 4 Gen Med > Renal Pass Test > Flashcards

Renal Pass Test Flashcards

1
Q

Sometimes after relief of a urinary tract obstruction there may be a period of

A

Salt losing nephropathy (hyponatraemia with high urinary na loss)

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2
Q

When does pseudo hyponatraemia occur

A

With high levels of protein as in multiple myeloma or hypertrygliceridaemia

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3
Q

What is the most common type of renal cell carcinoma

A

Clear cell

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4
Q

What is the main sign of renal artery stenosis

A

Un controlled hypertension

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5
Q

For CKD to be diagnosed, the elevated GFR must be present for x months or more

A

3

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6
Q

First line for hypertension in CKD

A

ACEI

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7
Q

Why should potassium sparing diuretics be avoided in renal failure

A

Risk of hyperkalaemia

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8
Q

Although ACEI or arbs can be used in CKD for hypertension why can they not be used together

A

When used together they have a risk of hyperkalaemia and hypotension

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9
Q

Declining renal function with current URTI

A

IGA nephropathy

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10
Q

2-4 weeks after URTI

A

Post strep glomerulonephritis

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11
Q

Kidney disease hearing loss and eye abn

A

Alport syndrome

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12
Q

Which abx in pyelonephritis s

A

Gent and cefuroxime

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13
Q

What would a micturating cystogram rule out in recurrent pyelonephritis

A

Vesicoureteric reflux

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14
Q

Most people with PKD have what chromosome abn

A

PKD1 on chromosome 16

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15
Q

What is commonly seen in basculopaths after an intervention or manipulation such as an angiography which causes renal failure

A

Cholesterol embolism

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16
Q 
Sudden onset flank pain 
Fever 
Haematuria 
Nausea 
Hypertension
A

Renal artery embolism

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17
Q

What are the four common features of Franconis syndrome

A

Polyuria
Hypophosphataemia
Acidosis
Hypokalaemia

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18
Q

PKD with back pain and fever what is it how do you treat and what organisms causes it

A

Infection of cyst
Gram neg
Fluroquinolones cotrimoxazole or chloramphenicol

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19
Q

What is the most likely cause of a subarachnoid in a patient with PKD

A

Rupture of a berry aneurysm

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20
Q

What is Cushings triad of raised intracranial pressure

A

Hypertension bradycardia and irregular breathing

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21
Q

Fundoscopy findings of hypertensive retinopathy include

A 
Arteriolar constriction 
Arteriovenous nipping 
Flame haemorrhages cotton 
Cotton wool spots 
Hard exudates 
Pappiloedema
22
Q

Why can PKD cause polycythemai

A

Increased production of epo

23
Q

How do you treat a high phosphate

A

Calcium acetate

24
Q

On lithium long term and develops polyuria and polydipsia

How do you treat

A

Lithium induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

Reversible so treat with indomethicin

25
Q

What makes hypertension malignant

How do you treat

A

Extremely raised bp with rentjnal haemorrhages or papilloedema

Sodium nitroprusside

26
Q

What causes renal failure in myeloma

A

Light chain deposition leads to tubular toxicity

27
Q

What is the triad of nephrotic syndrome

A

Hypoalbuminaemia <30
Proteinuria >3-5 g/24 hours
Peripheral oedema

28
Q

IGA nephropathy is also called

A

Bergers disease

29
Q

What are the 4 main indications for dialysis

A

Uraemic symptoms
Fluid overload
Refractory hyperkalaemia
Acidosis

30
Q

Treat PBC with

A

Urseodeoxycholic acid

31
Q

Why does chronic renal failure cause hypocalcaemia

A

Reduced vitamin d hydroxylation

32
Q

Give 4 complications of haemodyalysis treated end stage renal failure

A

Amyloidosis
Secondary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Dyslipidaemia
Hyperhomocysteinaemia

33
Q

Dilation of what can lead to nutcracker syndrome

A

Superior mesenteric artery dilation

34
Q

Causes of nephrotic syndrome

A 
Drugs 
Infection s like strep or malaria 
Vasculitis 
Diabetes 
Amyloidosis 
Allergic reactions
35
Q

Complications of nephrotic syndrome

A

Renal failure
Renal vein thrombosis
Sepsis

36
Q

What genetic condition poses a risk for renal cell carcinoma

A

VHL

37
Q

Renal papillary necrosis is classically associated with

A

Sickle cell anaemia

38
Q

Stage 1 CKD

A

> 90 gfr but evidence of damage

39
Q

Stage 2 CKD

A

Mild impairments 60-89

40
Q

Stage 3 CKD

A

30-59 moderate imp

41
Q

Stage 4 CKD

A

15-29 sever impairemwnt

42
Q

Stage 5 CKD

A

Established renal failure gfr <15

43
Q

Anti GBM is also known as

A

Good pastures syndrome

44
Q

Alports syndrome causes a defect in what type of collagen

A

Type 4

45
Q

Renal biopsy or trauma is a risk factor for subsequent development of

A

Renal AV fistula

46
Q

What is the usual pathological process for renal artery stenosis in young people

A

Fibromuscular dysplasia

47
Q

Acute rejection occurs when

A

Within 6 mths I’d transplant

48
Q

Hyper acute rejection occurs when

A

Within mins of transplant

49
Q

What type of drug is Indapamide

A

Thiazide like diuretic

50
Q

How do you calculate an anion gap

A

(Na+K) - (chloride+ bicarbonate)

51
Q

Lost the three types of renal tubular acidosis with a cause for each

A

Type 1 - sickle cell disease
Type 2 - heavy metal toxicity
Type 3 - Addison’s disease

Year 4 Gen Med (26 decks)

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