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Year 4 Gen Med > Renal Pass Med > Flashcards

Renal Pass Med Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common extrarenal manifestation of ADPKD

A

Liver cysts

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2
Q

First line option for renal replacement is

A

Peritoneal dialysis

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3
Q

First line for peritoneal dialysis in Crohns

A

Haemodialysis

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4
Q

When is haemofilyration used

A

Only in the acute setting for very sick patients

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5
Q

How long before treatment do patients need an av fistula created

A

8weeks

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6
Q

What is continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

A

Infected into abdo stays in for 4-8 hours then drained

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7
Q

What is automated peritoneal dialysis

A

Machine does it overnight performing 3-5 exchanges over 8-10 hours

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8
Q

In AKI how long should the 500mls 0.9% saline be administered over

A

15 mins

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9
Q

Sterile polyuria and white cell casts in the setting of rash and fever should raise the suspicion of ………,, which is commonly due to ……….

A

Acute interstitial nephritis

Antibiotic therapy

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10
Q

Myoglobinuria causes renal failure by

A

Tubular cell necrosis

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11
Q

What are the variables used to calculate eGFR

A

Cage

Creatinine
Age
Gender
Ethnicity

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12
Q

What happens to sodium in prerenal uraemia

A

Kidneys hold onto it to preserve volume

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13
Q

Why is prophylactic LMWH needed in nephrotic syndrome

A

Increased risk of VTE

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14
Q

How do you investigate AKI of unknown cause

A

Renal US

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15
Q

Hyaline casts may be seen if the patient is taking

A

A loop diuretic

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16
Q

How do you calculate maintenance fluid in children

A

100ml/kg for the first 10kg then 50ml/kg for the next 10kg and 20ml/kg for every subsequent kg

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17
Q

What are the adult requirements for maintenance therapy

A

25-30ml/kg/day plus 1 MMIs/kg/ day

And approx 50-100g/day glucose to limit starvation keyosis

18
Q

What is the difference between cranial and nephrogenic diabetes insipid is

A

Cranial - unable to produce sufficient amounts of ADH (treat withe desmopresson)

Nephrogenic - Kidneys inability to respond to vasopressin (treat with a thiazide)

19
Q

How do you prevent contast induced nephropathy

A

Saline pre and post procedure

20
Q

What is the triad of HUS

A

AKI
Haemolytic anaemia
Thrombocytopenia

21
Q

Does DKA have a high or low anion gap

A

High

22
Q

What cancers are of increased risk after kidney transplant

A

Skin (SCC)
Lymphoma
Cervical cancer

23
Q

What is the most common cause of peritonitis secondary to peritoneal dialysis

A

Coag neg staph

24
Q

How long does it take for an AV fistula to develop

A

6 to 8 weeks

25
Q

What type of renal failure can statins cause

A

Rhabdo

26
Q

Nice guidelines suggest referring to a nephrologist from primary care if eGFR falls

A

Below 30 or progressively by >15 in a year

27
Q

What is the potassium requirement per day

A

1 mmol/kg/day

28
Q

What should be given as maintenance and how fast

A

500ml 0.9% NaCl at 30ml/kg/hr

29
Q

What is dialysis disequilibrium syndrome

A

Cerebral oedema

30
Q

When administer calcium gluconate in hyperkalaemia

A

> 6.5 or ECG changes

31
Q

What is the recommended rate of potassium infusion

A

10mmol/hr

32
Q

What type of DI can haemochromatosis cause

A

Cranial

33
Q

What overdose typically presents as n+v tinnitus and headache

A

Aspirin overdose

34
Q

What can cause patients to not respond to epo

A

Iron deficiency

35
Q

What is the definition of severe hypokalaemia

A

<2.5

36
Q

How do you treat hypokalaemia

A

Mild to moderate can be treated with oral potassium

Severe can be treated with IV therapy and cardiac monitoring carefully

37
Q

Stage 1 AKI

A

Increase of 1.5-1.9 times baseline

<0.5ml/kg/hr for >6 hrs consequtiverly

38
Q

Stage 2 AKI

A

Increase of 2-2.9 times baseline

<0.5ml/kg/hr for >12 hrs consequtiverly

39
Q

Stage 3 AKI

A

Increase of >3 times baseline or creatinine >354

<0.3ml/kg/hr for >24 hrs consequtiverly or anuric for 12 hours

40
Q

What can spironolactone be switched to if the patient has troublesome gynaecomastia

A

Eplerenone

41
Q

Which stages of CKD need supporting evidence of damage

A

1 and 2

42
Q

What is the first indicator of diabetic nephropathy

A

Microalbuminuria

Year 4 Gen Med (26 decks)

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