Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 4 Gen Med > Cardio AF > Flashcards

Cardio AF Flashcards

1
Q

what type of arrhythmia is AF

A

supraventricular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the typical ventricular rate of AF

A

180

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the three types of af

A

paroxysmal
persistent
permanent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is paroxysmal af

A

episodes lasting longer than 30 seconds but less than 7 days (often less than 48 hours) that are self-terminating and recurrent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is persistent af

A

episodes lasting longer than 7 days (spontaneous termination of the arrhythmia is unlikely to occur after this time) or less than seven days but requiring pharmacological or electrical cardioversion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is permanent AF

A

AF that fails to terminate using cardioversion, AF that is terminated but relapses within 24 hours, or longstanding AF (usually longer than 1 year) in which cardioversion has not been indicated or attempted (sometimes called accepted permanent AF)`

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the three most common associations with AF

A

hypertension
coronary artery disase
MI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the main complications of AF

A

stroke
thromboembolism
heart failure due to ineffective ventricular filling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what reduces the risk of stroke in af by 2/3rds

A

anticoagulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what non cardiac conditions raise suspicion of AF

A

diabetes
thyroid disease
cancer
alcohol misuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

if someone has palpitations chest discomfort and breathlessness which are episodic and last less than 48 hours what should you suspect

A

paroxysmal af

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how do you diagnose AF

A

ECG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is seen on an ecg of af

A

no p wave s
irregular
ventricular rate of 180

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what do you do if paroxysmal AF is suspected and AF is not detected on ECG

A

24 hour ECG monitor if less than 24 hrs between symptoms

If more than 24 hours between symptoms use either an event recorder or a 7 day holter monitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the differential diagnosis of an irregular pulse

A 
af 
atrial flutter 
atrial extrasystole 
ventricular ectopics 
sinus tachy 
svt
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the main reported symtpoms of AF

A

breathlessness s
chest discomfort
palpitations
irregular heart beat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

If the onset of atrial fibrillation (AF) was within the last 48 hours and is showing signs of haemodynamic instability: how do you manage them?

A

urgent admission for cardioversion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is classed as haemodynamic instability

A

rapid pulse (greater than 150 beats per minute) and/or low blood pressure (systolic blood pressure less than 90 mmHg), loss of consciousness, severe dizziness or syncope, ongoing chest pain, or increasing breathlessness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

If the onset of atrial fibrillation (AF) was within the last 48 hours and is NOT showing signs of haemodynamic instability: how do you manage them?

A

either cardioversion or management in primary care dependent on clinical judgment and patient preference

20
Q

for all people with diagnosed AF what should you do

A

rule out cardiac and non cardiac underlying causes so arrange echo

21
Q

AF with lung cause suspected arrange

A

CXR

22
Q

if systemic cause suspected arrange

A

FBC TFTS UE electrolyte calcium magnesium and glucose measurements

23
Q

what to do to reduce AF episodes

A

weight loss treat underlying cause such as diabetes hypertension and sleep apnoea

24
Q

when to refer to a cardiologist

A

WPW valvular disease suspected HF

25
Q

what do you do if af with thyroid disease suspected

A

refer to endocrine

26
Q

how do you assess a persons stroke risk

A

chad2vas score

27
Q

when is anticoagulation indicated

A

chad2vas score of 2 in females and 1 or more in males

28
Q

what is important to remember when prescring anticoagulation

A

has bled assessment score

29
Q

what are the modifiable risk factors for bleeding for a person needing anticoagulation

A

uncontrolled hypertension, harmful alcohol consumption, and concurrent use of aspirin or a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

30
Q

what is most commonly used anticoag in af

A

apixaban, dabigatran etexilate, rivaroxaban, or a vitamin K antagonist

31
Q

what is first line treatment for most people with AF

A

beta blocker or rate limiting ccb

32
Q

which beta blocker should NOT be used in af

A

sotalol

33
Q

what should you do after starting therapy

A

arrange follow up in 1 week

34
Q

people whose symptoms continue after heart rate has been controlled or for whom a rate‑control strategy has not been successful should be

A

referred for cardioversion

35
Q

describe the cha2ds2vasc score?

A 
congestive heart failure/ left ventricular dysfunction 
hypertension 
age >75 = 2
diabetes mellitus 
stroke/ tia = 2 
vascular disease 
sge 65-74
female
36
Q

describe the haasbled score

A 
hypertension 
abnormal liver / renal function 
stroke
bleeding 
labile INR 
>65yo
drugs (antiplatelets/ nsaids) 
harmful alcohol consumption
37
Q

For people taking a rate-control treatment who have persistent symptoms of AF or a fast heart rate, consider one of the following options

A

give maximum rate control drugs

consider combination of beta blocker digoxin and diltiazem

38
Q

refer to a cardiologist for rhythm control if

A

af of reversible cause

heart failure caused or worsened by the af

39
Q

what are the main rhythm control drugs

A

amiodarone

sotolol

40
Q

Seek specialist advice before prescribing diltiazem with a ……….. because

A

beta-blocker because bradycardia, atrioventricular block, asystole, or sudden death can occur with concurrent use

41
Q

what is ecg like for atrial flutter

A

sawtooth appearance

rate of 300bpm

42
Q

how do you treat atrial flutter

A

same as af

43
Q

what is the aim of rate control

A

normalise the ventricular rate

44
Q

what is the aim of rhythm control

A

Terminating atrial fibrillation and restoring it to sinus rhythm in order to prevent atrial remodeling

45
Q

what is first second and third line rate cnrtol

A

1 - beta blockers or diltiazem/ verapamil
2 - digoxin
3 - amiodarone

46
Q

what is first and second line rhythm cnrtol

A

1 - cardioversion

2 - flecainide

Year 4 Gen Med (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions