Renal Histology II

Question 1

What type of epithelium is found in the thick segments of the loop of Henle?

Answer 1

low cuboidal

Question 2

What type of epithelium is found in the thin segments of the loop of Henle?

Answer 2

simple squamous epithelium.

Question 3

The apical surface of cells at the thick ascending limb lack what structures?

Answer 3

brush borders

Question 4

What is the ascending limb of the loop of Henle impermeable to?

Answer 4

water

Question 5

The descending limb of the loop of Henle is permeable to what?

Answer 5

water, sodium and chloride ions.

Question 6

The ascending thin limb is impermeable to wat?

Answer 6

water.

Question 7

What is the major function of the loop of Henle?

Answer 7

to establish the counter-current exchange system which creates osmotic conditions necessary to pull water out of the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct in the presence of ADH.

Question 8

As ADH is released, what does the distal convoluted tubule become permeable to?

Answer 8

water

Question 9

What type of epithelium is found at the distal convoluted tubule?

Answer 9

simple cuboidal

Question 10

How do the cells of the distal and proximal convoluted tubules differ?

Answer 10

The cells in the distal convoluted tubule are smaller.

Question 11

What are two major specialized cells types associated with the collecting duct?

Answer 11

Principal Cells

Intercalated cells.

Question 12

What do principal cells reabsorb and secrete?

Answer 12

They reabsorb sodium ions and water.

They secrete potassium.

Question 13

What do intercalated cells secrete?

Answer 13

Hydrogen or bicarbonate ion.

Question 14

What comprise the excretory passages of the kidney?

Answer 14

renal pelvis, ureter and urinary bladder.

Question 15

What are the layers found in the excretory passages?

Answer 15

mucosa

Submucosa

Muscularis

Adentitia

Question 16

The mucosa of the excretory passages is composed of what type of epithelium?

Answer 16

transitional epithelium

Question 17

The muscularis is composed of what type of tissues?

Answer 17

smooth muscle.

Question 18

What kind of epithelium is found in the prostatic urethra?

Answer 18

transitional epithelium

Question 19

What kind of epithelium is found in the membranous urethra?

Answer 19

pseudostratified columnar

Question 20

True or false: the prostatic urethra is highly vascularized.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

The membranous urethra eventually becomes what?

Answer 21

the external sphincter

Question 22

The cavernous urethra is composed of what type of epithelium?

Answer 22

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 23

What gland is found in the male urethra?

Answer 23

Glands of littre

Question 24

What are the lucanae or Morgagni?

Answer 24

Invaginations o fmucous membrane containing single or groups of intraepithelial mucous cells.

Question 25

What type of epithelium is found in the female urethra?

Answer 25

stratified or pseudostratified columnar

Question 26

Angiotensinogen is converted into angiotensin I by what?

Answer 26

renin

Question 27

The loop of Henle is between what two tubules?

Answer 27

proximal and distal convoluted tubules.

Question 28

What converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II?

Answer 28

ACE (angiotensin converting factor from pulmonary and renal endothelium)

Question 29

What does angiotensin II stimulate?

Answer 29

The secretion of aldosterone from adrenal cortex.

Question 30

What cells do aldosterone act upon?

Answer 30

principal cells of the collecting ducts

thick ascending limbs of Henle

Question 31

What is the function of angiotensin II?

Answer 31

To increase the reabsorption of sodium ion and water, which increases blood pressure.

Question 32

THe release of angiotensin II induces the release of what hormone?

Answer 32

ADH