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A. White- Histology > Renal Histology > Flashcards

Renal Histology Flashcards

1
Q

THe renal pelvis empties into what stucture_

A

The renal pyramids.

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2
Q

What is the blood supply of the kidney?

A

the renal artery.

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3
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

A

the nephron.

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4
Q

What are the components of the nephrons?

A

Bowmans Capsule

Glomerulus

Renal tubule

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5
Q

What do nephrons empty into?

A

Collecting ducts, which empty into the renal pelvis.

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6
Q

What are the two types of nephrons?

A

cortical nephrons

juxtamedullarz nephrons

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7
Q

Where are the renal corpuscles of the cortical nephrons located?

A

in the cortex

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8
Q

Where are the renal corpuscles of the juxtamedullary nephrons located?

A

in the cortex next to the cortical medullary junction.

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9
Q

What do the glomeruli of the cortical nephrons empty into_

A

capillary networks that surround the proximal and distal convoluted tubules.

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10
Q

What do the glomeruli of the juxtamedullary nephrons empty into_

A

The vasa recta.

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11
Q

What is the difference between the loops of Henle in cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons?

A

The cortical nephrons have short loops of Henle, and the jutxtamedullary nephrons have long loops of Henle that extend into the medulla.

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12
Q

What is the movement of blood through the kidney?

A

afferent arterioles

Glomeruli

efferent arterioles

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13
Q

How do the arterial and venous portal systems differ?

A

The arterial portal system involves movement of blood from afferent, to capillary to efferent arterioles.

The venous portal system involves movement from arterioles to capillaries to veins.

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14
Q

What is the glomerulus?

A

A capillary bed inserted betweent two arterioles, the afferent and efferent arterioles.

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15
Q

What does the afferent arteriole feed into?

A

A capillarz loop (vasa recta) or a capillary network (peritubular capillaries)

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16
Q

What are the components of the urinarz szstem_

A

two kidneys and ureters

The urinary bladder and urethra

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17
Q

What type of cells around found at the afferent arteriole?

A

Juxtaglomerular cells.

They secrete renin.

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18
Q

What is the Bowman’s capsule?

A

A double lazered, cup shaped dilation of the nephron.

It consists of an inner (parietal) and outer (visceral) lazer.

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19
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the parietal layer?

A

simple squamous epithelium.

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20
Q

The epithelium of the parietal layer is continuous with the proximal convoluted tubule. What type of epithelium is found at the proximal convoluted tubule?

A

squamous epithelium

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21
Q

THe visceral layer is made of podocytes: The podocytes are in contact with the endothelium of what?

A

glomerular capillaries.

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22
Q

Where is the Bowman’s space located in relation to the parietal and visceral layers_

A

between the parietal and visceral layers.

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23
Q

What portion of the nephron is involved in producing a filtrate of blood?

A

renal corpuscle

24
Q

What portion of the neprhon is involved in modifying the filtrate produced bz the renal corpuscle?

A

The convulted tubules and loop of Henle.

25
Q

What three proceses are involved in the formation of urine?

A

Filtration

Reabsorption

Secretion

Filtration occurs in the renal corpusclee and reabsorption and secretion occur in the renal tubule.

26
Q

Whatever is filtrated and secreted, but not reabsorbed, is also known as what?

A

urine

27
Q

What is the mesangium part of?

A

The glomerulus

28
Q

What is the mesangium formed bz?

A

Mesangial cells embedded in a mesangial matrix.

29
Q

Intraglomerular msangial cells serve what function?

A

Thez cover endothelium not covered by podocytes.

30
Q

Extraglomerular mesangial cells are located between what two arterioles? What apparatus are they associated with?

A

Efferent and afferent arterioles. They are associated with the juxtaglomerular apparatus.

31
Q

What are the two main characteristics of mesangial cells?

A

They are contractile (useful for filtration) and phagocytic (phagocytize immunoglobulins trapped in the basal lamina)

32
Q

What are two substances secreted by mesangial cells?

A

prostaglandins and endothelins

33
Q

What are two substances synthesized by mesangial cllsÖ

A

matrix and collagen.

34
Q

What are the function of mesangial cells?

A

They provide mechanical support and regulate blood flow.

35
Q

Mesangial cells respond to what protein?

A

angiotensin II

36
Q

What are the components of the juxtaglomerular appartus?

A

Macula densa

Extraglomerular mesangial cells

Juxtaglomerular cells

37
Q

Where are macular densa cells found?

A

the wall of the convoluted tubule.

38
Q

Macula densa cells respond to changes in what two ions?

A

sodium and chloride

39
Q

The macula signal the release of what protein from juxtaglomerular cells?

A

renin

40
Q

What is the importance of the macula densa?

A

regulation of fluid electrolzte balance and blood pressure.

41
Q

What type of muscle cells are juxtraglomerular cells?

A

Smooth muscle cells.

42
Q

The juxtaglomerular cells are associated with what cells and arteriole?

A

macula densa and afferent arteriole

43
Q

When stimulated by the macula densa, what hormone do juxtaglomerular cells secrete?

A

Renin

44
Q

What is the purpose of innervation of the juxtaglomerular cells?

A

Thez increase renin release.

45
Q

The distal convoluted tubule is continuous with what duct?

A

collecting duct

46
Q

What are the components of the renal filtration barrier?

A

fenestrated endothelium (of glomerular capillaries)

fused basal laminae of endothelial cells

filtration slits

47
Q

The basal lamina of the filtration slits consists of what components?

A

Type IV collagen

Fibronectin

Laminin

Heparin Sulfate

48
Q

What is the renal filtration barrier selective to?

A

Water, glucose and most ions.

It is not selective to proteins or molecules with a large negative charge.

49
Q

Where is the proximal convoluted tubule?

A

From the renal corpuscle to the beginning of the loop of henle.

50
Q

What tzpe of epithelium is found at the proximal convoluted tubule?

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium with pyramidal cells.

51
Q

The proximal convoluted tubule contains what type of juctions?

A

tight junctions. It also contains a brush border.

52
Q

The proximal convoluted tubule contains many mitochondria. Why is there an abundance of them in this region?

A

TO allow for active transport across the basal membrane.

53
Q

True or false: the proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs most of the filtrate

A

True

54
Q

What does the proximal convoluted tubule reabsorb?

A

most of the sodium and chloride ions.

55
Q

The proximal convoluted tubule removes what from the filtrate?

A

glucose and amino acids.

A. White- Histology (25 decks)

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