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AB 4th Year Gen Med > Renal - Genetic Conditions + Infections > Flashcards

Renal - Genetic Conditions + Infections Flashcards

1
Q

how is PKD inherited?

A

aut dom

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2
Q

features of PKD?

A 
HT
abdo/flank pain
haematuria
palpable kidneys
UTI
cardiac murmurs
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3
Q

pathology features of PKD?

A

renal cysts
interstitial fibrosis
tubular atrophy
renal failure

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4
Q

Ix for PKD?

A

US
urinalysis
U+Es, creatinine, eGFR

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5
Q

Tx for PKD?

A

HT control
drain infected cysts
treat UTIs
transplant/dialysis

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6
Q

what are those with PKD at higher risk of? how to prevent?

A

SAH

baseline head CTs taken

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7
Q

what does TTP stand for?

A

thrombotic throbocytopenic purpura

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8
Q

what happens in TTP?

A

microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia and thrombocytopenic purpura

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9
Q

what is TTP associated with? what differentiates it?

A

HUS

worse neurological abnormalities

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10
Q

pathology of TTP?

A

deficiency of vWF
platelet aggregation occurs
fibrin deposits
microthombi in small vessels occur

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11
Q

features of TTP?

A 
fever
renal failure
neurological changes
vomiting 
diarrhoea
purpura
bruises
menorrhagia
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12
Q

where do microthrombi often occur in TTP?

A

bowel

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13
Q

causes of TTP?

A 
AI
cancer
pregnancy
HIV
clopidogrel 
GI infections
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14
Q

Ix and results for TTP?

A 
FBC (platelets decreased)
Hb (decreased)
blood smear (thrombocytopenic)
urinalysis
U+Es, creatinine (raised)
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15
Q

Tx for TTP?

A

plasma exchange
steroids
aspirin

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16
Q

complications of TTP?

A

stroke
MI
renal failure

17
Q

what makes a UTI complicated?

A

kidney involvement

pregnancy

18
Q

risk factors for UTI?

A 
Abx use
DM
structural abnormalities
pregnancy
female
19
Q

features of a lower UTI?

A

frequency
urgency
dysuria
suprapubic pain

20
Q

features of an upper UTI?

A 
flank pain 
fever
rigors
vomiting 
haemturia
dysuria
frequency 
urgency
21
Q

most common cause of UTI?

A

E coli

22
Q

who usually gets pseudomonas UTIs?

A

catheters

23
Q

who usually gets proteus UTIs?

A

stones

24
Q

who usually gets staph UTIs?

A

women of child bearing age

25
Q

what bacteria are associated with rectal contamination UTIs?

A

klebsiella

enterococci faecalis

26
Q

Ix for UTI?

A

dipstick
MSSU
CT urogram/US (if recurrent cause)

27
Q

Tx for uncomplicated lower UTI?

A

nitrofurantoin (not in late preg)

trimethoprim (not in early preg)

28
Q

when should UTI be referred for recurrent?

A

2≥ in last 6 months

3≥ in last 12

29
Q

why should trimethoprim be avoided in CKD?

A

if using ACE/ARB/spironolactone

risk of hyperkalaemia

30
Q

what can be done surgically for a recurrent UTI?

A

widen urethra

AB 4th Year Gen Med (27 decks)

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