Renal - Chronic Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

how long must kidney damage be present for, for it to be classified as CKD?

A

> 90 days

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2
Q

risk factors for CKD?

A
DM
HT
smoking 
CVD
>65yrs
NSAIDs
obesity
AI 
FHx
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3
Q

features of CKD?

A
fatigue
oedema
nausea
pruritis
anorexia
proteinuria
haematuria
SOB
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4
Q

Ix for CKD?

A
urinalysis
albumin:creatinine 
creatinine, eGFR, U+Es
US
Hb
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5
Q

staging of CKD?

A

all use eGFR

1 - ≥90
2 60-89
3A 45-59
3B 30-44
4 15-29
5 <15
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6
Q

BP target for those with CKD?

A

130/80mmHg

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7
Q

Tx for CKD?

A
ACE/ARB
(CCB if intolerant)
statin 
antiplatelets
diet (less salt and protein)
\+ diuretic if needed 

dialysis

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8
Q

what should be monitored throughout CKD? how?

A

for bone disease

Ca, P, Alkphos

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9
Q

complications of CKD?

A
anaemia
CVD
hyperkalaemia
PO
metabolic acidosis
osteoporosis
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10
Q

what bone disease can occur due to CKD? pathology?

A

renal osteodystrophy

P is retained

Low Ca due to kidney unable to convert vit d to active form

secondary hyperparathyroidism occurs (high PTH, low Ca)

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11
Q

what is the pathology behind RAS?

A

activation of RAAS -> high SVR and Na retention -> high BP

when stenosis >50%, hypertension is hard to control

triggers fibrosis, alongside Angiotensin II

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12
Q

when is RAS considered significant?

A

> 50% narrowing of lumen

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13
Q

what can cause RAS?

A
atherosclerosis
fibromuscular dysplasia (only 10%)
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14
Q

risk factors for RAS?

A
HT
DM
smoking 
dyslipidaemia
abdo radiotherapy
PVD
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15
Q

features of RAS?

A

flash PO
accelerated/resistant HT
kidney dysfunction

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16
Q

Ix for RAS and results?

A
creatinine (high)
U+Es, Na (low)
urinalysis 
US
MRI/CT angiography
17
Q

Tx for RAS?

A

HT control
statin
anti-platelet
renal artery stenting

18
Q

what are indications for RRT?

A
pH <7.1
hypercalcaemia/kalaemia
toxic substances
fluid overload that is refractory
uraemia 

AEIOU
(acidosis, electrolytes, ingestion, overload, uremic)