Renal - Chronic Conditions Flashcards
how long must kidney damage be present for, for it to be classified as CKD?
> 90 days
risk factors for CKD?
DM HT smoking CVD >65yrs NSAIDs obesity AI FHx
features of CKD?
fatigue oedema nausea pruritis anorexia proteinuria haematuria SOB
Ix for CKD?
urinalysis albumin:creatinine creatinine, eGFR, U+Es US Hb
staging of CKD?
all use eGFR
1 - ≥90 2 60-89 3A 45-59 3B 30-44 4 15-29 5 <15
BP target for those with CKD?
130/80mmHg
Tx for CKD?
ACE/ARB (CCB if intolerant) statin antiplatelets diet (less salt and protein) \+ diuretic if needed
dialysis
what should be monitored throughout CKD? how?
for bone disease
Ca, P, Alkphos
complications of CKD?
anaemia CVD hyperkalaemia PO metabolic acidosis osteoporosis
what bone disease can occur due to CKD? pathology?
renal osteodystrophy
P is retained
Low Ca due to kidney unable to convert vit d to active form
secondary hyperparathyroidism occurs (high PTH, low Ca)
what is the pathology behind RAS?
activation of RAAS -> high SVR and Na retention -> high BP
when stenosis >50%, hypertension is hard to control
triggers fibrosis, alongside Angiotensin II
when is RAS considered significant?
> 50% narrowing of lumen
what can cause RAS?
atherosclerosis fibromuscular dysplasia (only 10%)
risk factors for RAS?
HT DM smoking dyslipidaemia abdo radiotherapy PVD
features of RAS?
flash PO
accelerated/resistant HT
kidney dysfunction
