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AB 4th Year Gen Med > Renal - Acute Kidney Injury > Flashcards

Renal - Acute Kidney Injury Flashcards

1
Q

what is the definition of an AKI?

A

acute decline in renal function, leading to a rise in serum creatinine +/or fall in urine output

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2
Q

what are the stages of AKI?

A

creatinine
I x1.5-1.9
II x2-2.9
III - x3 baseline

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3
Q

risk factors for AKI?

A 
>65yrs
CKD
HF
HT
DM
Stones
Sepsis
NSAIDs
Aminoglycoside use (gentamicin)
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4
Q

features of an AKI?

A 
nausea
vomiting 
oliguria
confused
drowsy
diarrhoea
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5
Q

what are the 3 main causes of AKI?

A

pre renal
renal
post renal

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6
Q

examples of pre renal AKI causes?

A 
dehydration
haemorrhage
sepsis
RAS
ACE inhibitors
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7
Q

how do ACEs work? what bloods should be checked after initiating?

A

dilate efferent arteriole
U+Es
hyperkalaemia can result

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8
Q

renal causes of AKI?

A 
HT
GN
gentamicin
NSAIDs
CT contrast
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9
Q

post renal causes of AKI?

A

calculi
BPH
tumours

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10
Q

in pre renal AKI, what pathology occurs? why?

A

ATN

decreased blood flow and oxygen

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11
Q

Ix for an AKI?

A 
eGFR
creatinine
U+Es
monitor urine output
ABGs (for acidosis)
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12
Q

Tx for pre renal AKI?

A

fluids (500/250mls over 15mins)
monitor fluid overload
monitor UO

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13
Q

Tx for renal AKI?

A

treat cause

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14
Q

Tx for post renal AKI?

A

catheterise
relieve obstruction
diuretic

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15
Q

what are the criteria for acute haemodialysis?

A

uraemic pericarditis
PO
acidosis
hyperkalaemia >6.0 and no UO

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16
Q

what ECG changes occur in hyperkalaemia?

A

TTT
ST depression
PR prolonged
QRS prolonged

17
Q

causes of cranial diabetes insipidus?

A

pituitary surgery
trauma
stroke
autoimmune disease

18
Q

causes of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?

A 
Li
gentamicin
rifampicin
DM
sickle cell anaemia 
amyloidosis
19
Q

what is the difference between cranial and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?

A

cranial - no ADH being produced, large dilute volumes of urine

nephrogenic - ADH produced, not working as kidney damaged

20
Q

Ix for diabetes insipidus?

A 
urine osmolality 
FBC
U+Es
LFTs
TFTs
BM
water deprivation test
21
Q

what are the results of the water deprivation test for diabetes insipidus?

A

cranial - urine concentrates when given ADH

nephrogenic - ADH has no effect

22
Q

Tx for diabetes insipidus?

A

cranial - desmopressin and fluids

nephrogenic - treat cause

23
Q

features of diabetes insipidus?

A 
polyuria
polydipsia
thirst
nocturia
hypernatraemia
24
Q

features of hypernatraemia?

A 
spasticity
hyperreflxia
lethargy
irritable
delirium
seizures

AB 4th Year Gen Med (27 decks)

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