Cardiovascular - VTE Flashcards
path of a PE?
clot in venous system detaches travels through RHS of heart through pulmonary artery lungs
risk factors for PE?
malignancy pregnancy hyper oestrogenic state sepsis thrombophilia immobile obese trauma surgery age
features of a PE?
SOB chest pain hypoxic hypotension fever haemoptysis DVT signs
Ix for a PE?
CTPA
D dimers
CXR
Ix for a PE if pregnant?
V/Q instead of CTPA
treatment for an unprovoked PE?
6 months rivaroxaban
treatment for a provoked PE?
3 months rivaroxaban
treatment for a PE if patient has cancer?
LMWH for 6 months
how long should compression stockings be worn post thrombosis?
2 years
alternative to anticoagulation treatment?
IVC filter
blood supply of lower limb?
external iliac femoral -> deep femoral popliteal -> anterior tibial \+ posterior tibial -> fibular (common peroneal) dorsalis pedis
features of a DVT?
calf swelling pain oedema redness varicose veins
components of virchow’s triad?
hypercoag
endothelial inury
circulatory status
Ix for a DVT?
D dimers
Well’s score
US
bloods for a VTE?
FBC LFTs U+Es INR aPTT thrombophilia screen
what can happen after a DVT? what is it?
post thrombotic syndrome
symptoms still present
what is pulmonary hypertension?
sustained pulmonary artery pressure >25mmHg
how does pulmonary hypertension occur?
pulmonary endothelium damaged
vasoconstriction
prothrombotic agents released
vasculature can fibrose
causes of pulmonary hypertension?
CTDs
lung disease
HF
Ix for pulmonary hypertension?
ECG CXR Echo CT right heart catheterisation (diagnostic)
treatment for pulmonary hypertension?
anticoagulation
CCBs
diuretic
oxygen
what can be a complication of pulmonary hypertension?
cor pulmonale
define cor pulmonale?
right ventricular failure due to diease of the lungs or pulmonary arteries
features of right heart failure?
raised JVP
peripheral oedema
SOB
Ix for cor pulmonale? what ECG sign is seen?
echo
right heart catheterisation to measure pressures
ECG shows right axis deviation
