Cardiovascular - Infections Flashcards
layers of the heart (out to in)?
pericardium
epicardium
myocardium
cause of pericarditis?
autoimmune
coxsackie
EBV
CMV
features of pericarditis?
pleuritic chest pain worse on inspiration myalgia fever pericardial rub
ECG features of pericarditis?
upward concave ST elevation
Ix for pericarditis?
ECG troponin blood cultures stool and throat swab PCR FBC, CRP, ESR CXR echo
Tx for pericarditis?
NSAID
PPI
colchicine
risk factors for pericarditis?
MI surgery AI cancer Male
what is endocarditis?
infection of the endothelium of the heart valves
risk factors for endocarditis?
PWID heart valve abnormality prosthetic valve IV lines rheumatic fever
what valve is usually affected in endocarditis, post rheumatic fever?
mitral
symptoms of endocarditis?
fever malaise wt loss fatigue SOB haematuria
signs of endocarditis?
roth spots (eyes)
janeway lesions
osler’s nodes
splinter haemorrhages (nails)
how does endocarditis occur?
blood flow is turbulent bacteria can be deposited vegetation forms can break off and lodge in capillary bed abscesses can result
in endocarditis, which organisms occur in prosthetic valve infections?
staph epi
staph aureus
in endocarditis, which organisms occur in PWID infections? which side?
staph aureus R sided (tricuspid valve)
in endocarditis, which organisms occur in atypical infections?
coxiella
in endocarditis, which organisms are also common in infections?
strep viri
enterococcus
in the duke criteria, what gives a diagnosis of endocarditis?
two separate positive blood cultures
transoesopheal echo
new valvular regurg
treatment for prosthetic valve endocarditis?
vanc
gent
rifampicin
treatment for native valve endocarditis?
amox
gent
treatment for PWID/native valve sepsis endocarditis?
fluclox
treatment for strep viridans endocarditis?
benzylpenicillin
gent
treatment for staph epi endocarditis? who gets this?
amox/vanc
gent
those with indwelling central lines/post surgery
treatment for enterococcus endocarditis?
vanc
gent
rifampicin
what causes rheumatic fever?
pharyngeal infection with GABHS
features of rheumatic fever?
fever
athralgia
murmurs
erythema marginatum
