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AB 4th Year Gen Med > Cardiovascular - Infections > Flashcards

Cardiovascular - Infections Flashcards

1
Q

layers of the heart (out to in)?

A

pericardium
epicardium
myocardium

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2
Q

cause of pericarditis?

A

autoimmune
coxsackie
EBV
CMV

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3
Q

features of pericarditis?

A 
pleuritic chest pain 
worse on inspiration 
myalgia
fever
pericardial rub
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4
Q

ECG features of pericarditis?

A

upward concave ST elevation

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5
Q

Ix for pericarditis?

A 
ECG
troponin 
blood cultures
stool and throat swab PCR
FBC, CRP, ESR
CXR
echo
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6
Q

Tx for pericarditis?

A

NSAID
PPI
colchicine

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7
Q

risk factors for pericarditis?

A 
MI
surgery
AI
cancer
Male
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8
Q

what is endocarditis?

A

infection of the endothelium of the heart valves

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9
Q

risk factors for endocarditis?

A 
PWID
heart valve abnormality 
prosthetic valve
IV lines
rheumatic fever
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10
Q

what valve is usually affected in endocarditis, post rheumatic fever?

A

mitral

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11
Q

symptoms of endocarditis?

A 
fever
malaise
wt loss
fatigue
SOB
haematuria
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12
Q

signs of endocarditis?

A

roth spots (eyes)
janeway lesions
osler’s nodes
splinter haemorrhages (nails)

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13
Q

how does endocarditis occur?

A 
blood flow is turbulent
bacteria can be deposited
vegetation forms
can break off and lodge in capillary bed 
abscesses can result
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14
Q

in endocarditis, which organisms occur in prosthetic valve infections?

A

staph epi

staph aureus

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15
Q

in endocarditis, which organisms occur in PWID infections? which side?

A 
staph aureus 
R sided (tricuspid valve)
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16
Q

in endocarditis, which organisms occur in atypical infections?

A

coxiella

17
Q

in endocarditis, which organisms are also common in infections?

A

strep viri

enterococcus

18
Q

in the duke criteria, what gives a diagnosis of endocarditis?

A

two separate positive blood cultures
transoesopheal echo
new valvular regurg

19
Q

treatment for prosthetic valve endocarditis?

A

vanc
gent
rifampicin

20
Q

treatment for native valve endocarditis?

A

amox

gent

21
Q

treatment for PWID/native valve sepsis endocarditis?

A

fluclox

22
Q

treatment for strep viridans endocarditis?

A

benzylpenicillin

gent

23
Q

treatment for staph epi endocarditis? who gets this?

A

amox/vanc
gent

those with indwelling central lines/post surgery

24
Q

treatment for enterococcus endocarditis?

A

vanc
gent
rifampicin

25
Q

what causes rheumatic fever?

A

pharyngeal infection with GABHS

26
Q

features of rheumatic fever?

A

fever
athralgia
murmurs
erythema marginatum

AB 4th Year Gen Med (27 decks)

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