Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BDS2 PHYSIOLOGY BAMS > Renal Failure > Flashcards

Renal Failure Flashcards

1
Q

what is polyuria?

A

patient passing large volumes of urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is dysuria?

A

pain on passing urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is haematuria?

A

blood present in the urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is proteinuria?

A

proteins passing into urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is uraemia?

A

increased concentrations of urea in the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the best way to measure renal function?

A

look at the estimated glomerular filtration rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are some other ways to measure renal function?

A
  • check serum urea
  • check serum creatine
  • 24hr urine collection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the specifications of renal failure?

A
  • loss of excretory function
  • loss of water and electrolyte balance
  • loss of acid base balance
  • loss of endocrine function
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what renal endocrine functions exist in the body?

A
  • releases erythropoietin
  • calcium metabolism
  • renin secretion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

renal failure can be…?

A
  • acute

- chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the main differences between acute renal failure and chronic renal failure?

A

ACUTE:

  • rapid loss of renal function
  • usually over hours/days

CHRONIC:

  • gradual loss of renal function
  • usually over many years
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the different types of renal failure?

A
  • pre-renal
  • renal
  • post-renal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are some causes of pre-renal failure?

A
  • interruption of blood flow to the kidneys (severe injury or illness)
  • sudden and severe drop in blood pressure (shock)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are some examples of conditions that may cause pre-renal failure?

A
  • shock
  • renal artery or aorta disease
  • hypovolaemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what causes intrarenal failure?

A

direct damage to the kidneys by:

  • inflammation
  • toxins
  • drugs
  • infection
  • reduced blood supply
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what causes postrenal failure?

A

obstruction of urine flow due to:

  • enlarged prostate
  • kidney stones
  • bladder tumour
  • injury
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how does acute renal failure progress?

A
  • anuric initially (no urine) with volume overload

- gradually progresses to polyuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are some symptoms of acute renal failure?

A
  • ankle oedema or sacral oedema (if bed bound)
  • pulmonary oedema & breathlessness
  • raised jugular venous pressure
  • weight gain
19
Q

what can acute renal failure lead to the development of?

A
  • hyperkalaemia

- uraemia & acidosis

20
Q

what is hyperkalaemia? what can it cause?

A

high levels of potassium in the blood

- can lead to cardiac arrest

21
Q

what type of renal failure does acute renal failure tend to be?

A

usually a pre-renal cause

22
Q

chronic renal failure can be divided into two categories, what are these?

A
  • primary (rare)

- secondary (common)

23
Q

what are examples of primary chronic renal failure?

A
  • glomerulonephritis

- polycystic kidney disease

24
Q

what are examples of conditions which may cause secondary chronic renal failure?

A
  • diabetes (30%)
  • hypertension (20%)
  • drug therapy
  • vasculitis
  • renal artery disease/aorta disease
25
Q

what does glomerulonephritis cause?

A
  • haematuria

- proteinuria

26
Q

what can glomerulonephritis progress to?

A
  • hypertension

- chronic renal failure

27
Q

what condition may be a complication of glomerulonephritis?

A

nephrotic syndrome

28
Q

what occurs in a patient who suffers from nephrotic syndrome?

A
  • excessive loss of protein in the urine ( >3g in 24hrs)
  • loss of plasma oncotic pressure
  • tissue swelling
29
Q

how does nephrotic syndrome alter the bodies ability to form clots?

A

HYPERcoagulable state

  • loss of clotting factors (AT3 deficiency)
  • dehydration raises other coagulation factor concentrations
30
Q

what drugs should be avoided in patients with renal disease?

A
  • NSAIDs

- nephrotoxic drugs

31
Q

why should NSAIDs be avoided in renal failure patients?

A
  • inhibits glomerular blood flow

- causes interstitial nephritis

32
Q

what are the causes of renal vascular disease?

A
  • reduced blood flow to the kidney

- microangiopathy

33
Q

what bodily changes may cause reduced blood flow to the kidney?

A
  • atheroma of renal artery/aorta

- hypertension (narrowing of renal artery)

34
Q

what are examples of conditions that cause immune mediated renal damage?

A
  • multiple myeloma
  • goodpasture’s syndrome
  • vaculitits
35
Q

what is the cause of polycystic kidney disease and how does it present in the body?

A
  • gene mutation
  • multiple cysts in the renal parenchyma
    • enlarged kidney
    • progressive destruction of normal kidney
    • gradual renal failure
36
Q

how can you tell if a patient is in end stage renal disease?

A

when:

  • eGFR < 15ml/min
  • creature 800-1000micromol/L
37
Q

what is the maximum GFR of a patient who has impaired renal function?

A

60-80

38
Q

how can chronic renal failure be managed?

A
  • reduce the rate of decline
  • correct fluid balance
  • correct deficiencies
  • removal outflow obstruction
  • treat infection
39
Q

what are the signs of chronic renal failure?

A
  • anaemia
  • hypertension
  • renal bone disease
    • low Ca high PO4
    • hyperparathyroidism
    • osteomalacia
40
Q

what are the symptoms of chronic renal failure?

A
  • polyuria
  • nocturia
  • tired & weak
  • nausea
41
Q

what are some examples of renal malignancy?

A
  • renal cell carcinoma

- transitional cell carcinoma

42
Q

if one of your patients has chronic renal failure, how will this affect dental treatment?

A

must take CARE when prescribing!!!

  • check all drugs with renal physician
  • avoid NSAIDs
43
Q

what oral manifestations does chronic renal failure have?

A
  • delayed tooth eruption
  • oral ulceration, painful mucosa and tongue due to anaemia
  • white patches
  • oral infections (especially post op)
  • dry mouth and taste disturbance
  • bleeding tendencies
  • renal osteodystrophy

BDS2 PHYSIOLOGY BAMS (39 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions