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BDS2 PHYSIOLOGY BAMS > Peptic Ulcer Disease > Flashcards

Peptic Ulcer Disease Flashcards

1
Q

what is peptic ulcer disease?

A

discontinuation in the inner lining of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract because of gastric acid secretion or pepsin

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2
Q

where can peptic ulcer disease occur?

A
  • oesophagus
  • stomach
  • duodenum
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3
Q

what are the causes of peptic ulcer disease?

A

Duodenal/ oesophagus :

  • High acid secretion

Stomach :

  • Mucous on surface of stomach not functioning properly (reduced resistance) by
  • bacterial infection
  • drugs - NSAIDS, Steroids
  • (Normal acid secretion)
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4
Q

what drugs can cause peptic ulcer disease?

A
  • NSAIDs

- steroids

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5
Q

what causes a gastric ulcer?

A

damaged lining by

  • Steroid - inhibit mucous
  • Bacterial infection grow in stomach lining and acid in contact with tissue
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6
Q

where would you find a gastric ulcer?

A

in the stomach

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7
Q

what is occurring when peptic ulcer disease occurs from a normal acid secretion?

A

involvement of bacteria which causes a reduced protective barrier

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8
Q

what bacteria is involved in peptic ulcer disease?

A

H. Pylori (Helicobacter pylori)

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9
Q

what does infection with bacteria eventually cause?

A

causes loss of the protective mucous barrier

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10
Q

how does the bacteria affect the gastric mucosa?

A

causes inflammation of the gastric mucosa (gastritis)

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11
Q

what can occur from chronic gastric wall inflammation due to bacteria?

A

lymphoma of the stomach (mucosa associated lymphoid tumour)

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12
Q

how can peptic ulcer disease causing bacteria be eliminated??

A

WITH TRIPLE THERAPY

  • 2 antibiotics
  • 1 proton pump inhibitor
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13
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of PUD?

A
  • often asymptomatic
  • epigastric burning pain
  • usually no physical signs
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14
Q

explain the epigastric pain felt by patients experiencing PUD?

A
  • worse before/just after meals
  • worse at night
  • often relieved by food, alkali & vomiting
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15
Q

how is PUD investigated?

A
  • endoscopy (preferred)
  • radiology
  • test for anaemia (FOBs)
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16
Q

what are the complications of PUD?

A
  • perforation
  • haemorrhage
  • stricture
  • malignancy
  • anaemia
17
Q

what is meant by perforation caused by PUD?

A

the acid burns a hole in the wall of the stomach/duodenum

18
Q

what happens if a haemorrhage occurs due to PUD?

A

erosion of the ulcer into a blood vessel, causing heavy bleeding

19
Q

what happens when stricture occurs?

A
  • scarring makes the space (stomach/duodenum) smaller
20
Q

why might anaemia occur in PUD patients?

A

due to bleeding caused by the ulcer

21
Q

what are some MEDICAL treatments for PUD?

A
  • stop smoking
  • small regular meals
  • ulcer healing drugs
  • eradication therapy
22
Q

when is it appropriate to go down the MEDICAL route for PUD?

A

when the PUD is:

  • a reversible problem
  • can be fixed by making lifestyle changes
  • due to presence of H. pylori
23
Q

when is SURGICAL treatment necessary in PUD patients?

A

when PUD has caused:

  • stricture
  • acute bleed
  • perforation
  • malignancy
24
Q

what surgical procedures can be used in PUD?

A
  • endoscopy
  • gastrectomy
  • vagotomy
  • repair of the sphincter
25
Q

what is a vagotomy?

A
  • surgical operation in which one or more branches of the vagus nerve are cut
  • prevent stomach secrete gastric acid
26
Q

how can acid secretion be reduced with medicines?

A
  • H2 receptor blockers (immedite relief)
  • antacid (work at most 2 hours)

- proton pump inhibitors (14-day regime, treat frequent heartburn)

27
Q

how may the mucosal barrier be improved in PUD patients?

A
  • eliminate helicobacter pylori

- inhibit prostaglandin removal

28
Q

what medicines should be avoided in patients with PUDs?

A
  • NSAIDs

- steroids

29
Q

what 2 antibiotics are often used to eradicate bacteria causing PUD?

A
  • amoxycillin
  • metronidazole
30
Q

give an example of a proton pump inhibitor:

A

omeprazole

BDS2 PHYSIOLOGY BAMS (39 decks)

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