Gastrointestinal Disease Flashcards
what medications are commonly used in upper GI disease?
- antacids
- H2 receptor blockers
- proton pump inhibitors
what GI diseases can cause malabsorption?
- pernicious anaemia (vit B12)
- coeliac disease (autoimmune, gluten)
- crohn’s disease
what GI diseases can affect the large bowel?
- inflammatory bowel diseases
- crohn’s disease
- ulcerative colitis
2 action of antacids?
- neutralizing excess hydrochloric acid (HCl) in gastric juice
- inhibit the proteolytic enzyme pepsin
how is stomach acid produced?
parietal cells in the stomach wall are triggered to produce acid
what are the three main triggers for parietal cell?
- acetylcholine
- gastrin
- histamine
what is the function of H2 receptor antagonists?
reduce acid production
how do H2 receptor antagonists work?
preventing histamine activation of acid production
what common H2 receptor antagonist is commonly used?
Ranitidine
what ending does proton pump inhibitor medication normally have?
‘prazole’
what are examples of proton pump inhibitors?
- omeprazole
- lansoprazole
- pantoprazole
what is meant by dysphagia?
difficulty with swallowing
what occurs during fibrosis of the oesophagus?
- loss of muscle tissue of the oesophagus
what is scleroderma?
- elastic tissue in the oesophagus is replaced with fibrous tissue
what is acid related fibrosis in oesophagus also known as?
GORD
what occurs in a patient with GORD?
acid reflux causes irritation and eventual loss of muscle and elastic tissue in the oesophagus, which is then replaced by fibrous tissue
what neuromuscular disorders can affect the oesophagus?
- Parkinson’s disease
- diabetes mellitus
- achalasia
what is achalasia?
- condition in which the nerve supply to the oesophagus doesnt form properly
what are the 3 main causes of GORD?
- defective lower oesophageal sphincter
- impaired lower clearing (oesophagus not emptying)
- impaired gastric emptying (stomach stays too full)
what are signs and symptoms of GORD?
- epigastic burning (worse lying down, bending, pregnancy)
- dysphagia
- GI bleeding
- severe pain !
what can GORD lead to?
- ulceration and inflammation of oesophagus
- metaplasia
what is metaplasia of the oesophagus called?
Barrett’s Oesophagus
what is Barrett’s oesophagus?
precancerous!!!!!!!!
what is the condition called when part of the stomach is in the THORAX?
hiatus hernia
what are symptoms of a Hiatus Hernia similar to?
symptoms similar to GORD
how is GORD managed?
- smoking cessation
- weight loss
- antacids
- H2 receptor blockers and PPI’s
- increase GI motility and gastric emptying
