Renal exam

Question 1

Function of renal system

Answer 1

get rid of metabolic waste

absorb calcium, sodium, potassium, sugar, amino acids

assist liver detox

regulates bp volume

Question 2

Urea and ammonia

Answer 2

Smell of urine

Question 3

urobilin

Answer 3

absorbed At the colon

Gives urine yellow color

Once RBC breaks down, it turns into these

Question 4

Bilirubin

Answer 4

Hemoglobin breakdown
Increase in this may indicate problems with liver elimination, which causes yellowing if skin and mucous membrane in jaundice

Question 5

measurements

Answer 5

Uranalysis: cheapest and quickest (smell, color, protein, sugar)

Creatine clearance: Tells us if something is wrong with kidneys or muscles

BUN: NO Blood in urine, lets us know how well kidneys are functioning

Question 6

Organs

Answer 6

Kidney: produces urine

Ureter: Transports urine toward the bladder

Bladder: Holds urine

Uretha: Conducts urine to exit the the body (in males semen is transported as well)

Question 7

pyelogram

Answer 7

A specialized scan that goes through blood straight to urine

*If a back injury, check the kidneys because they are so close

Question 8

Sex differences

Answer 8

Males have higher bladder

Males have membranous uretha (spongy at penis)

Females have shorter membranous uretha

Females bladder sits under uterus

Question 9

Ureta

Answer 9

Takes urine from blood to kidney
It is smooth muscle connective tissue controlled by the parasympathetic system

Transitional epethelium - cubodial and squamos responds to fluid coming in.

Question 10

Bladder anatomy

Answer 10

Rugae: expands bladder

Detrusor: Squeezes urine out

internal sphinctor: door #1 opens

External sphinctor: Door #2 opens, voluntary (pee or not) dveloped in 18 months or 4 years of age

Question 11

Histology of bladder

Answer 11

Made up of detrusor muscle ( dense) and transitional epethelium, lamina propria an submucosa

Question 12

Regulation of bladder

Answer 12

Controlled by spinal nerves( voluntary)and brain stem (instantly)

Question 13

Close internal

Answer 13

storage relex (bladder empty), you don’t have to pee

Question 14

open internal

Answer 14

Contracts muscle
Voiding refelex (bladder full) , You have to pee

Question 15

Kidney anatomy

Answer 15

Lots of tissue for protection

Connective reticular tissue to hold kidney in place

Question 16

Structure of kidney

Answer 16

Renal cortex: outside (removes water and returns needed substances back to your body)

Renal medulla: Middle (regulates concentration of urine)

Renal pyramid: inside (maintain the proper balance of salt and water in the blood/ blood filtration)

Renal pelvis: Collects urine as it is produced

Question 17

Blood flow

Answer 17

Renal artery: supplies kidneys

Internal lobar artery: goes to nephrons (maintans functional unit of kindey)

Afferent: goes into nephrons through glomerulus

Efferent: exits through efferent arteriole

pertubular cappallaries: where most exchange occurs

Question 18

Nephrons functions

Answer 18

filteration: only in glamorous , small things goes out
Absoprtion: urine to blood, nephron to cappallaries

secretion: Blood to urine

Question 19

Where does most exchange occur

Answer 19

peritubular cappilaries

Question 20

PCT

Answer 20

Where most absorption occurs
Has microvili
simple cubodial tissue

Question 21

Loop of Henly

Answer 21

water and salt regulation
No micoivili

Question 22

DCT

Answer 22

Main area of secretion
things like toxins, acids, medication, acid regulation

Question 23

collecting duct

Answer 23

Fine tuning

Last area before it goes to bladder

SECRETION OF WATER

Has ADH- main hormone

Question 24

papillary duct

Answer 24

Conducts where urine goes next

No absoprtion/ secretion

Long tube

columnar epethelium

Question 25

Creatine

Answer 25

Muscle breakdown

Question 26

podocytes

Answer 26

wraps around blood vessels with space in between/ filtration occurs

urine flows out of blood into renal corpuscle to bring tube down