Renal exam Flashcards
Function of renal system
get rid of metabolic waste
absorb calcium, sodium, potassium, sugar, amino acids
assist liver detox
regulates bp volume
Urea and ammonia
Smell of urine
urobilin
absorbed At the colon
Gives urine yellow color
Once RBC breaks down, it turns into these
Bilirubin
Hemoglobin breakdown
Increase in this may indicate problems with liver elimination, which causes yellowing if skin and mucous membrane in jaundice
measurements
Uranalysis: cheapest and quickest (smell, color, protein, sugar)
Creatine clearance: Tells us if something is wrong with kidneys or muscles
BUN: NO Blood in urine, lets us know how well kidneys are functioning
Organs
Kidney: produces urine
Ureter: Transports urine toward the bladder
Bladder: Holds urine
Uretha: Conducts urine to exit the the body (in males semen is transported as well)
pyelogram
A specialized scan that goes through blood straight to urine
*If a back injury, check the kidneys because they are so close
Sex differences
Males have higher bladder
Males have membranous uretha (spongy at penis)
Females have shorter membranous uretha
Females bladder sits under uterus
Ureta
Takes urine from blood to kidney
It is smooth muscle connective tissue controlled by the parasympathetic system
Transitional epethelium - cubodial and squamos responds to fluid coming in.
Bladder anatomy
Rugae: expands bladder
Detrusor: Squeezes urine out
internal sphinctor: door #1 opens
External sphinctor: Door #2 opens, voluntary (pee or not) dveloped in 18 months or 4 years of age
Histology of bladder
Made up of detrusor muscle ( dense) and transitional epethelium, lamina propria an submucosa
Regulation of bladder
Controlled by spinal nerves( voluntary)and brain stem (instantly)
Close internal
storage relex (bladder empty), you don’t have to pee
open internal
Contracts muscle
Voiding refelex (bladder full) , You have to pee
Kidney anatomy
Lots of tissue for protection
Connective reticular tissue to hold kidney in place
Structure of kidney
Renal cortex: outside (removes water and returns needed substances back to your body)
Renal medulla: Middle (regulates concentration of urine)
Renal pyramid: inside (maintain the proper balance of salt and water in the blood/ blood filtration)
Renal pelvis: Collects urine as it is produced
Blood flow
Renal artery: supplies kidneys
Internal lobar artery: goes to nephrons (maintans functional unit of kindey)
Afferent: goes into nephrons through glomerulus
Efferent: exits through efferent arteriole
pertubular cappallaries: where most exchange occurs
Nephrons functions
filteration: only in glamorous , small things goes out
Absoprtion: urine to blood, nephron to cappallaries
secretion: Blood to urine
Where does most exchange occur
peritubular cappilaries
PCT
Where most absorption occurs
Has microvili
simple cubodial tissue
Loop of Henly
water and salt regulation
No micoivili
DCT
Main area of secretion
things like toxins, acids, medication, acid regulation
collecting duct
Fine tuning
Last area before it goes to bladder
SECRETION OF WATER
Has ADH- main hormone
papillary duct
Conducts where urine goes next
No absoprtion/ secretion
Long tube
columnar epethelium
Creatine
Muscle breakdown
podocytes
wraps around blood vessels with space in between/ filtration occurs
urine flows out of blood into renal corpuscle to bring tube down
