EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY UNIT 1 Flashcards
Homeostasis
Maintenance of a constant and internal environment. Many different systems are providing a comfortable state conscious.
Examples of homeostasis
Blood pressure
Body temperature
Heart rate
Blood glucose regulation
ion regulation
osmoregulation
Steady state
What happens at activity
Changes and comes back
Example: heart rate at sub maximal exercise// body core temperature during prolonged submaximal exercise
cross sectional area
Where majority of circulation is (capillaries)
Laminar flow
The flow is slow where there is friction (vessel wall) and fast where do is no friction (blood vessell)
Intercellular control system functions
Protein breakdown and synthesis
Adapt to current energy, the activity you do, (input and output)
Produces ATP
Maintenance of stored nutrients
Organ systems function
replenish oxygen and removes carbon dioxide
biological control system
Series of interconnected components that maintain a physical or chemical parameter at a near constant value
Happens in the brain
Failure of biological control system can result in diseases like type 1 diabetes
Components of biological control system
Sensor, receptor, control system, effector
What is the function of sensor and receptor
detects changes in variables
what is the function of the control system
Assesses input and initiates response
Effector
Changes internal environment back to normal
Example: Not breathing enough may result in urination.
Brings us back to homeostasis
Negative feedback
An effect to get the initial disturbance back to normal
Most control systems work in negative feedback
Positive feedback
Biological response increases the initial disturbance
Most control systems do not work in positive feedback
Helps system survive disturbance until something tells it to stop
Examples: Blood clotting,
How does exercise disrupt homeostasis
By changing body’s PH, PO2, pco2
Hormesis
Low to moderate stress results in a beneficial adaptive response on cells and organ system
Intracrine signaling
Chemical messenger inside cells trigger a response
Juxtacrine signaling
Chemical messenger passed between two cells
Autocrine signaling
Chemical messenger acts on that same cell
paracrine signaling
Chemical messenger acts on nearby cells
Endocrine signaling
Chemical messengers releases into the blood
Cell signaling
Affects cells with specific receptor to hormones .
Glycogen
Found in the liver
A polysaccharide composed of glucose molecules
Anaerobic pathway
Does not require oxygen
Happens inside the mitochondria
Includes oxidative phosphorylation
Aerobic pathway
Requires oxygen
happens inside the mitochondria
Includes oxidative phosphorylation
Where does glycolysis happen?
In the cytoplasm
What lowers activation needed for enzymes
HEAT
Ketone bodies
Large ACOA structures
End product of aneorobic
lactate
End product of aerobic
Pyruvate
what does atp pc system create
kinase
What does ATP inhibit
The first thing that take place in processes
Rest to exercise transition
ATP production increases immediatly and oxygen uptake increases rapidly
thyroid
stores calcium and is happening in thyroid
parathyroid
releases calcium and moves calcium from bone to blood
Hormesis
harmful stress results in a beneficial adaptive response (basically survival)
bioenergetics
metaboliasim= oxidation/ break down
Turns food into energy
endergonic
Puts energy in
exergonic
puts energy out
bioenergetic
Breakdown of things and turn them into glucose
where is glycogen found
skeletal muscles and liver
trygliceride
storage form of fat in muscles and adipose tissue
oxygen deficit
lag in oxygen uptake at the beginning of exercise
beta oxidation
oxidizes fatty acids to produce A-COA
IT HAPPENS IN THE MITOCHONDRIA
How does intensity and duration of exercise impact muscle glycogen and blood
glucose:
When exercise intensity is high and duration is short, we rely on stored fuel (muscle glycogen)… long duration of exercise and low intesnity is involved with blood glucose
Define lipolysis
the breakdown of triglycerides and frees fatty acids
What does Growth Hormone act on with exercise and where is it released from
…. Acts on liver and adipose tissue…it is released from anterior pituitary
How does Insulin and Glucagon work to maintain blood glucose
It inhibits insulin and mobilizes fat fuels and preserves blood glucose to maintain blood glucose
EPOC
rapid(atp-cp get released and stored first) and slow rest duration (production of lactate) of oxygen
Define what a Hormone is
chemical substances that act like messenger molecules in the body. Made up of amino acids, steroids, binds to specific protein receptors
Which Thyroid hormone impacts plasma Calcium
CALCITONIN
Enzyme
increases the speed of reactions
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
Fast acting hormes, increases heart rate and lypolysis
