A&P Exam 3 Flashcards
Skeletal Muscles
Causes voluntary movement, we are in control
Skeletal muscles structure
Has alot of mitochondria
It has many levels
Muscle fibers
A group of muscle cells/fibers that has their own nerves that go to specific parts of muscles
What does fasicle do
Builds into the whole muscles
Sarcomere
Main contraction in muscle fibers
Its is deep inside the muscle
Regulated in region myofribi
Myofibri
Proteins and things that regulate it
Sarcolema
It is sensitive to electrical changes
Happens outside the cell membrane or plasma membrane
sarcoplasma
Happens inside Cytoplasma
It has ion concentrations, which is why we need electrolytes
Can lead to mitochondria conditions (people cant sit up straight)
Tryan
specialized ER that has 3 parts
sarcoplasmareticular
Regulates calcium moving in and out
Terminalsistol
stores a lot of calcium
Muscle recovery
T-tubial
Electrical wiring of muscle fibers
communicates signals
How we regulate muscles
How we change calcium movement
Myosatellite cells
absorbs area
sees if is damage around muscles and decides to repair
myoblast
secretes protein and builds up its muscle
Infuse ameture muscle cells
fusion of myoblast
2 keys protein in sacromere
acten and myensine
Active site
acten and myensine combined
m-line
middle of Torso
H-band
whole trunk/torso
Just myensine
Very thick
A-band
All proteins
Includes myensine and acten
where contraction is visible (movement)
I-band
Just acten is present
Z-line
End of sarcomere
It goes in
Titin
stretches out very far
makes sure it doesn’t get to small or to large
Insertion
movement/ free spot
SHORT END
MUSCLES CRUSH
TRYING TO MAKE SURE WE AREN’T GOING TO THE H-BAND, MUSCLES CAN’T CONTRACT
LENGTH OF SARCOMERE
Long end
ACTEN BARELY OVERLAPS
NOT MAKING MUCH TENSION
ACTEN CANT SEE MYENSINE CAUSING IT NOT TO CONTRACT.
Twitch
Muscles goes through full contraction
relaxation phase
Muscles cant actively relax which is why it takes a long time.
motor units
Each nerve talks to many different fasicles
we have motor units to contract in many ways
slow fibers
takes muscles long time to fatigue
It is dark because of myoglobin
females have this while giving birth
fast fibers
muscles hit fatigue quickly. needs to relax soon
ex: eyes looking to the side can fatigue quickly
males have more fast fibers
myoglobin
Holds oxygen in muscles
ex: You dont need to breath more so calves can work
creotine protein
holds on to extra phosphate
it is less reactive
uses it to store actively during rest
resting muscle fibers
muscles are not actively contracting
builds up energy storage
take glucose, turns it into glycogen to make atp.
carboloading
gets storage on kreotine and glycogen allows you to get storage you need.
leverage
muscles has somewhere to go
yellow bone marrow
storage of lipids, minerals, fats
red bone marrow
blood cell production
keeps blood cells safe by being inside the bone
hydroxyapatite
alot of different calcium
it is tough
spongy bone
looks like a sponge
more resistant to breaking
tribaculate
criss crossing branches
located at the end of our joints
oseorpoginator
becomes a bone
grows into osseousglass
osseousglass
secretes organic components of bone
grows into osteocytes
osteoblast
releases ostoecodes
osteocodes
branches that allows cells to communicate with each other
has gap junctions
osteocytes
most bone cells contain this
has gap junctions to transport calcium
maturing and monoriting of bone
osteoclast
develop from immune cells
breaks down bone when we need calcium blood stream
compact bone
concentric lamellas
we have many of this
lucanae
osteocytes sit in here
central canal
blood vessels go through here
ephyficites
tends to be spongy bone,
end of bone
biaphycytes
complex bone
metaphycytes
mix of all
depends on where you are growing
spicules
bone grows out of range
appositional
bone grows wider
osteoblast grows on the side
intramembranous
Things like the skull
bone traps blood vessels
endochondrial classification
long bones
calcification
secretion of calcium to the ground substance
adding calcium
ossification
makes bone and bone growth
primary ossification
spongy bones and blood vessells
sutural bones
looks like stitches
irregular bones
vertebrae bones
short bones
tiny bones
long bones
humer, femur, long shaft in the middle
sesamoid bone
extra bones
knee cap (patella)
