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Nutrition > Renal > Flashcards

Renal Flashcards

1
Q

A GFR of 15-29 indicates what stage of CKD?

A

Stage 4

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2
Q

A GFR of 60-89 indicates which stage of CKD?

A

Stage 2 (mild kidney damage)

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3
Q

A GFR of >90 with proteinuria indicates which stage of CKD?

A

Stage 1

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4
Q

A GFR of <15 indicates which stage of CKD?

A

Stage 5

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5
Q

A GFR of 30-59 indicates which stage of CKD?

A

Stage 3 (moderate kidney damage)

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6
Q

In ARF if GFR is less than 10 and patient isn’t catabolic or on CRRT (continuous renal replacement therapy) how much protein should they get?

A

0.8 g/kg/day

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7
Q

How much protein should an individual on hemodialysis have?

A

1.2 gm/kg/day

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8
Q

How much protein should an individual on peritoneal dialysis get?

A

1.2 to 1.3 gm/kg/day

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9
Q

What is the only completely accurate know the calories for a patient?

A

Indirect calorimetry

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10
Q

In ARF what is the standard k cals/ day for the person.

A

35 kcals/ kg

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11
Q

When might you have to replace Na in an ARF patient?

A

During recovery phase

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12
Q

How much protein for CKD stages 1-3?

A

0.75 gm/kg/day

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13
Q

For stages 4-5 of CKD how much protein?

A

0.6 gm/kg/day

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14
Q

What type protein should be encouraged for individuals with CKD?

A

High Biological Value (HBV)

eggs, meats, animal proteins

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15
Q

How much sodium is recommended for individuals with CKD?

A

<2.4 gms/day

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16
Q

When might a Potassium restriction be needed in individuals with CKD?

A

Later stages

If levels are >5 mEq/L

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17
Q

If a restriction of Potassium is for someone with CKD, what should that restriction be?

A

2-3 gm/day

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18
Q

When is a PO4 restriction needed in Stage 3 and 4 CKD?

A

If levels is >4.6

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19
Q

What do you restrict PO4 to if needed?

A

800-1000 mg/day

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20
Q

What condition does a PO4 restriction help prevent?

A

Secondary hyperparathyroidism

21
Q

How do you calculate corrected calcium?

A

[(normal albumin (4.0)- serum albumin) (correction factor (0.8) + serum calcium

22
Q

And increased urinary oxalate concentration leads to an increased risk of what?

A

Stones

23
Q

For kidney stones, what is the urine output goal?

A

2L/ day

24
Q

What fluid intake should be encouraged for individuals with kidney stones?

A

2.5-3 L

25
Q

What should a patient with kidney stones not consume?

A

Grapefruit juice, apple juice

Calcium supplements

26
Q

A low dietary calcium intake leads to an increased risk of what?

A

Oxalate absorption and excretion

27
Q

What supplementation should those with kidney stones avoid?

A 
Calcium
Vitamin C (breaks down to oxalic acid and is excreted by kidneys)
28
Q

What levels do you want to keep calcium between to limit tissue calcifications?

A

8.4-9.5

29
Q

For nephrotic syndrome how much protein should an individual consume?

A

0.8-1 gm/kg/day

30
Q

In the presence of edema with nephrotic syndrome, what should sodium be limited to?

A

2 grams/day in the presence of edema

31
Q

What are some examples of foods high in K?

A

Bananas, beans, milk, chocolate, apricots, potatoes, honeydew, tomatoes, cantaloupe, avocado

32
Q

What are some foods high in phosphorus?

A

cheese, red meat, potatoes

33
Q

Why are CKD pts at increased risk of secondary hyperparathyroidism?

A

Not enough vitamin D –> calcium removed from circulation and excess PTH –> hypocalcemia

34
Q

What are iron goals for Dialysis pt?

A

Iron sat >20%; Ferritin >200 ng/dL

35
Q

What are folic acid needs for CKD?

A

1 mg/day

36
Q

What are pyridoxine needs for CKD?

A

5 mg/day

37
Q

What are vitamin C needs for CKD?

A

60-100 mg/day

38
Q

How much sodium does a person on HD need?

A

2-3gm/day

39
Q

How much protein does PD need?

A

1.2-1.3 gm/kg/day

40
Q

How much protein does HD need?

A

1.2 g/kg/day

41
Q

How much fluids does HD need?

A

1000mL/day + urine output

42
Q

How much potassium does HD need?

A

2-3gm/day to maintain levels at 3.5-5.5mEq/L

43
Q

What are serum calcium levels for HD and PD?

A

8.4-9.5 mg/dL

44
Q

What are phosphorus levels for HD and PD?

A

1000-1200mg/day

45
Q

Is fluid restriction recommended for nephrotic syndrome?

A

Not recommended unless patient is hyponatremic

46
Q

What is hypocalcemia associated with?

A

hyperalbuminemia

47
Q

What conditions is increased urinary oxalate seen in?

A

Roux-en-Y bariatric surgery, ilium resection, Malabsorption of dietary fat

48
Q

With kidney stones, with 2.5-3.5 L/ fluid intake, what should the urine output goal be?

A

2 L/day

Nutrition (12 decks)

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