Lecture 4

Question 1

What do CDC growth charts determine?

Answer 1

Corresponding BMI for age and sex percentile for children aged 2-19 years

Question 2

What is considered overweight on a growth chart?

Answer 2

BMI at or above 85th percentile and lower than 95th percentile

Question 3

What is considered obese for growth charts?

Answer 3

BMI at or above 95th percentile for children of the same age and sex

Question 4

Why might boys be iron deficient?

Answer 4

During a growth spurt

Question 5

Why is calcium often low during adolescence?

Answer 5

Many teens drink soft drinks instead of milk

Question 6

What is an ADL and give an example

Answer 6

ADL= activity of daily living

Ex- bathing, dressing, tolieting

Question 7

What is an IADLS and give an example.

Answer 7

Instrumental activities of daily living

Telephone use, walking, shopping

Question 8

How much Vitamin D is needed daily to prevent fracture?

Answer 8

700-800 IU daily

Question 9

What is the RDA for calcium for individuals 51 and older?

Answer 9

1200 mg

Question 10

What is the RDA for Vit D for men and women age 51-70?

Answer 10

400 IU/ day

Question 11

What is the RDA for individuals over 70 for Vit D?

Answer 11

600 IU/ day

Question 12

Patients taking what medication often have poor Vitamin b12 levels?

Answer 12

Metformin

Question 13

Individuals who don’t eat ____ can have Vit B12 deficiency

Answer 13

animal products

Question 14

What is the RDA for Vitamin B12 for individuals over 50?

Answer 14

2.4 micrograms/ day

Question 15

How is Vitamin B12 given?

Answer 15

Oral supplement in amounts of 2000 micrograms daily; contain free B12 (as opposed to protein bound)

Question 16

What is the RDA for Vitamin B6 above the age of 50?

Answer 16

1.5 mg/ day

Question 17

What does vitamin B6 help do?

Answer 17

Reduce homocysteine levels and thus risk of cardiovascular disease

Question 18

What are some risk factors for poor nutritional status in the older adult?

Answer 18

Acute and chronic diseases or disorders 
Oral health problems
Cognitive and emotional impairment
Isolation
Alcohol and drug use
socioeconomic status

Question 19

When should iron-enriched cereals be introduced to an infant?

Answer 19

6 months

Question 20

When can solid foods be introduced?

Answer 20

Tongue-thrust reflex needs to fade (4-6 months)
Be able to hold head up
Swallowing skills

Question 21

For 1 week what is considered a significant weight loss? Severe?

Answer 21

Significant- 1-2%

Severe >2%

Question 22

For 1 month what is considered a significant weight loss? Severe?

Answer 22

Significant- 5%

Severe >5%

Question 23

For 3 months what is considered a significant weight loss? Severe?

Answer 23

Significant 7.5%

Severe >7.5%

Question 24

For 6 months what is considered a significant weight loss? Severe?

Answer 24

Significant- 10%

Severe >10%

Question 25

For 1 year what is considered a significant weight loss? Severe?

Answer 25

Significant- 20%

Severe >20%

Question 26

what children may need a Vitamin D supplementation? (>400 IU)

Answer 26

Premature infants
Dark-skinned infants and children
Children who live higher than the 40th parallel

Question 27

How much iron should be supplemented in an infant if needed?

Answer 27

1 mg/kg/day if dietary sources aren’t adequate

Question 28

What is iron deficiency associated with in infants?

Answer 28

Poor growth and neuro-cognitive development

Question 29

When can cows milk be introduced to an infant?

Answer 29

After 12 months of age

Question 30

How often should a new food be introduced to an infant (once they are ready)?

Answer 30

One new food per week (or every 3 days)

Question 31

What are common food allergies that should be avoided with infants?

Answer 31

Nuts, milk, fish, shellfish, soy, wheat

Question 32

What can excessive body fat during adolescense promote?

Answer 32

Premature atherosclerosis

Question 33

What is the largest source of added sugar?

Answer 33

Sugar drinks- contributor to calories in diets of children

Question 34

What is considered underweight or FTT on a growth chart?

Answer 34

Under 5th percentile

Question 35

What are some health implications of childhood obesity?

Answer 35

HTN, Atherosclerotic heart disease, high cholesterol, increased risk of type 2 DM, breathing problems (sleep apnea/asthma), joint problems, GIRD, fatty liver

Question 36

What are six lifestyle factors that contribute to obesity?

Answer 36

Diet, Child care, physical activity, safe environment, lack of breastfeeding support, TV and media

Question 37

What are the common dietary insufficiencies of the elderly?

Answer 37

• Total kcals
• Fluid
• Fiber
• Calcium
• Vitamin D
• Vitamin B12
• Folate