Lecture 4 Flashcards
What do CDC growth charts determine?
Corresponding BMI for age and sex percentile for children aged 2-19 years
What is considered overweight on a growth chart?
BMI at or above 85th percentile and lower than 95th percentile
What is considered obese for growth charts?
BMI at or above 95th percentile for children of the same age and sex
Why might boys be iron deficient?
During a growth spurt
Why is calcium often low during adolescence?
Many teens drink soft drinks instead of milk
What is an ADL and give an example
ADL= activity of daily living
Ex- bathing, dressing, tolieting
What is an IADLS and give an example.
Instrumental activities of daily living
Telephone use, walking, shopping
How much Vitamin D is needed daily to prevent fracture?
700-800 IU daily
What is the RDA for calcium for individuals 51 and older?
1200 mg
What is the RDA for Vit D for men and women age 51-70?
400 IU/ day
What is the RDA for individuals over 70 for Vit D?
600 IU/ day
Patients taking what medication often have poor Vitamin b12 levels?
Metformin
Individuals who don’t eat ____ can have Vit B12 deficiency
animal products
What is the RDA for Vitamin B12 for individuals over 50?
2.4 micrograms/ day
How is Vitamin B12 given?
Oral supplement in amounts of 2000 micrograms daily; contain free B12 (as opposed to protein bound)
What is the RDA for Vitamin B6 above the age of 50?
1.5 mg/ day
What does vitamin B6 help do?
Reduce homocysteine levels and thus risk of cardiovascular disease
What are some risk factors for poor nutritional status in the older adult?
Acute and chronic diseases or disorders Oral health problems Cognitive and emotional impairment Isolation Alcohol and drug use socioeconomic status
When should iron-enriched cereals be introduced to an infant?
6 months
When can solid foods be introduced?
Tongue-thrust reflex needs to fade (4-6 months)
Be able to hold head up
Swallowing skills
For 1 week what is considered a significant weight loss? Severe?
Significant- 1-2%
Severe >2%
For 1 month what is considered a significant weight loss? Severe?
Significant- 5%
Severe >5%
For 3 months what is considered a significant weight loss? Severe?
Significant 7.5%
Severe >7.5%
For 6 months what is considered a significant weight loss? Severe?
Significant- 10%
Severe >10%
For 1 year what is considered a significant weight loss? Severe?
Significant- 20%
Severe >20%
what children may need a Vitamin D supplementation? (>400 IU)
Premature infants
Dark-skinned infants and children
Children who live higher than the 40th parallel
How much iron should be supplemented in an infant if needed?
1 mg/kg/day if dietary sources aren’t adequate
What is iron deficiency associated with in infants?
Poor growth and neuro-cognitive development
When can cows milk be introduced to an infant?
After 12 months of age
How often should a new food be introduced to an infant (once they are ready)?
One new food per week (or every 3 days)
What are common food allergies that should be avoided with infants?
Nuts, milk, fish, shellfish, soy, wheat
What can excessive body fat during adolescense promote?
Premature atherosclerosis
What is the largest source of added sugar?
Sugar drinks- contributor to calories in diets of children
What is considered underweight or FTT on a growth chart?
Under 5th percentile
What are some health implications of childhood obesity?
HTN, Atherosclerotic heart disease, high cholesterol, increased risk of type 2 DM, breathing problems (sleep apnea/asthma), joint problems, GIRD, fatty liver
What are six lifestyle factors that contribute to obesity?
Diet, Child care, physical activity, safe environment, lack of breastfeeding support, TV and media
What are the common dietary insufficiencies of the elderly?
- Total kcals
- Fluid
- Fiber
- Calcium
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin B12
- Folate
