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Nutrition > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 classes of nutrients?

A 
Carbohydrates
Fats
Proteins
Vitamins
Minerals
Water
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2
Q

What are the 5 major food groups?

A 
Fruits
Vegetables
Protein
Grains
Dairy
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3
Q

How much of your plate should be fruit and vegetables?

A

1/2

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4
Q

How many of your grains should be whole grains?

A

1/2

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5
Q

What is a DRI?

A

Dietary Reference Intake

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6
Q

What does a DRI tell you?

A

How much of each nutrient you need to consume to maintain good health, prevent chronic disease, and avoid unhealthy excess

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7
Q

What is the highest amount of a nutrient that is unlikely to cause harm if consumed daily?

A

Tolerable Upper Limit

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8
Q

What is based on EAR, but set high. The average amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of nearly all individuals?

A

Recommended Dietary Allowance

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9
Q

What is adequate intake?

A

The next best scientific estimate of amount of nutrient needed to maintain good health if you can’t determine EAR and RDA

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10
Q

What are the 5 criteria for metabolic syndrome?

A
  1. Large waist circumference
  2. Hypertension
  3. Elevated blood triglycerides
  4. Blood cholesterol (low HDL)
  5. Impaired fasting blood glucose
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11
Q

What does waist circumference have to be above for metabolic syndrome (men and women)?

A

> 40 inches men

>35 inches women

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12
Q

What is hypertension classified for metabolic syndrome?

A

> 130 mm hg systolic or >85 mm Hg diastolic

Or treatment for HTN

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13
Q

What are the requirements for elevated blood triglycerides for metabolic syndrome?

A

> 150 mg/dL or drug therapy for elevated TG

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14
Q

What is the requirements for blood cholesterol (low HDL) for metabolic syndrome?

A

< 40 mg/dL men

< 50 mg/dL women

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15
Q

What is the requirement for impaired fasting blood glucose for metabolic syndrome?

A

> 100 mg/dL or drug treatment for elevated glucose

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16
Q

Someone with high waist circumference are at an increased risk of developing… (4 disorders)?

A

Type 2 Diabetes
Dyslipidemia
HTN
Cardiovascular disease

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17
Q

How do you calculate BMI?

A

703 X (weight (lb)/ inches ^2)

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18
Q

What would be a BMI of 30 indicate?

A

Obesity Class 1

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19
Q

What would a BMI of 35-39.9 indicate?

A

Obesity Class 2

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20
Q

What would a BMI of 25-29.9 indicate?

A

Overweight

21
Q

What would a BMI <18.5 indicate?

A

Underweight

22
Q

What is a normal BMI?

A

18.5-24.9

23
Q

How do you calculate percent weight change?

A

[(Usual weight - current weight)/ usual weight] x 100
OR
(Current weight / past weight) -1

24
Q

For one week, what is a severe weight loss?

only applies to involuntary weight loss

A

> 2 percent

25
Q

For a month, what is severe for involuntary weight loss?

A

> 5 percent

26
Q

For 3 months, what is considered severe weight loss for involuntary weight loss?

A

> 7.5%

27
Q

For 6 months, what is severe weight loss for involuntary weight loss?

A

> 10 percent

28
Q

For a year, what is considered a significant weight loss for involuntary weight loss?

A

> 20 percent

29
Q

What is a primary problem?

A

A result of imbalances, inadequacies, excesses

30
Q

What is a secondary problem?

A

Primary problem that results in inadequate food intake

31
Q

How much protein does an unstressed, well-nourished individual need?

A

0.8 to 1 gm/ kg/ day

32
Q

How much protein does a post surgery individual need?

A

1.5 to 2 gm/kg/day

33
Q

How much does an individual with high catabolism (burns, infection, fever) need?

A

> 2 gm/kg/day

34
Q

What’s the difference b/w marasmus and Kwashiorkor?

A

Kwashiorkor is a severe deficiency of dietary protein, while Marasmus is a deficiency of calories and protein

35
Q

What albumin levels would you expect to see in a child with Kwashiorkor?

A

Under 3.5

36
Q

Is albumin or prealbumin a long term indicator?

A

Albumin

37
Q

What are transferrin levels affected by?

A

Influenced by iron status, calorie and protein intake

38
Q

When will CRP be elevated?

A

in times of acute stress or inflammation

39
Q

How do you calculate ideal body weight for males?

A

106 for the first 60 inches and 6 lbs for every inch in height > 60 inches

40
Q

How do you calculate IBW for females?

A

100 lbs for the first 60 inches + 5 lbs for every inch in height > 60 inches

41
Q

When do you use adjusted body weight?

A

If weight is >125% of IBW or for obese individuals

42
Q

How do you calculate adjusted body weight?

A

Adj. BW = [(Actual Weight – IBW) x 0.25] + IBW

43
Q

How do you calculate TEE (total energy expenditure)?

A

REE (resting energy expenditure) X activity factor

44
Q

What is Vitamin B1?

A

Thiamin

45
Q

What is Vitamin B2?

A

Riboflavin

46
Q

What is Vitamin B3?

A

Niacin

47
Q

What is Vitamin B6?

A

Pyridoxine

48
Q

What is Vitamin B12?

A

Cyanocobalamin

Nutrition (12 decks)

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