Lecture 2 Flashcards
What Vitamin is important for eye health?
Vitamin A
All of these are symptoms of what deficiency?
Perifollicular hyperkeratosis, night blindness, xerophthalmia, impairement of cell-mediated immune systems
Vitamin A deficiency
What population does Vitamin A deficiency affect most?
Children
Who is at risk for Vitamin D deficiency?
People who don’t get enough sunlight
What assay would you use to assess Vitamin D status?
25-hydroxy Vitamin D (25(OH)D or calcidiol)
What is the name of Vitamin D deficiency in adults?
Osteomalacia
What is the name of Vitamin D deficiency in children?
Rickets
What level of Vitamin D when looking at 25(OH)D is considered a deficiency?
< 20 ng/mL
How do you treat a vitamin D deficiency?
50,000 IU cholecalciferol or ergocalciferol weekly for 6-8 weeks then recheck
What constitiutes a vitamin D insufficiency?
20-30 ng/ mL
How do you treat a Vitamin D insufficiency?
Give 1000-4000 IU daily
What is the optimal range of Vitamin D 25-hydroxy ?
40-60
What is a sufficient level of Vitamin D 25-hydroxy ?
30-100 ng/mL
What deficiency are these symptoms of:
Impaired coagulation
Easily brusing
Mucosal bleeding
Vitamin K
If an individual is taking Coumadin thearpy, what needs to happen with their vitamin K intake
Keep them constant
Who is at risk for a thiamin deficiency?
Alcoholics and those with a folate deficiency
What is the disease name of those with a thiamin deficiency?
Beriberi
What is Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome associated with?
Thiamin deficiency
What is the disease associated with Niacin deficiency?
Pellagra
What are the symptoms of Pellagra
i. Dermatitis
ii. Diarrhea
iii. Dermentia
iv. Death
Why might a high dose of niacin be prescribed clinically?
Decrease LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, increase HDL
What are potential consequences of niacin toxicity?
Elevation in liver enzymes, raise blood glucose levels, flushing
What amino acid is converted to niacin in the human body?
Tryptophan
What other vitamin is needed to convert niacin into tryptophan?
Vitamin B6
What can folate deficiency result in for pregnant women?
Neural tube defects in their babies
What dose, specifically, of folate is recommended for women of childbearing age?
400 ug extra from fortified foods/ supplements
What vitamin deficiency can be masked by excess intake of folate?
Vitamin B12 (pernicious anemia)
What is too much homocysteine related to?
Higher risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease
What symptoms as associated with hypocalcemia?
irritability, “pin and needles” in hands and feet, tetany, convulsion
What are doses of Calcium for osteoporosis?
1200-1500 mg calcium/ day
(600 BID or 500 TID)
What is the UL for calcium?
2500 mg/ day
In what chronic disease state would you want to screen for elevated serum phos levels?
chronic kidney disease
In what chronic disease state would you want to screen for elevated serum mag levels?
chronic kidney disease
