Lecture 3 Flashcards
How much weight during pregnancy should an individual who has a BMI of <18.5 gain?
28-40 pounds
How much weight during pregnancy should an individual who has a BMI of 18.5-24.9 gain?
25-35 pounds
How much weight during pregnancy should an individual who has a BMI of 25-29.9 gain?
15-25 pounds
How much should a mother who is having twins gain during her pregnancy?
35-45 pounds
How much should a mother gain during the first trimester?
2 lbs, no increase in calories needed
How much should a mother gain in the second trimester?
A little less than a pound a week
How many extra calories should a pregnant women eat in her 2nd trimester?
340 extra calories
How much should a woman gain in her 3rd timester?
About a pound a week
How many extra calories should a women in her third timester eat per day?
450 extra calories
How much folic acid is needed per day pre-pregnancy?
400 mcg/ day
How much folic acid is needed during pregnancy?
600 mcg/ day
How much folic acid is needed 1 month prior to pregnancy in women who had a child with previous NTD (neural tube defect)?
4000 mcg/day
How much calcium does the fetus need?
25-30 gram (~2.5% of maternal stores)
When is the most amount of calcium needed?
3rd timester
Why is more iron needed in pregnancy?
Maternal blood volume increases 20-30%
How much of an iron increase is needed for Maternal Nutrient Needs?
1000 mg
How should iron be supplement in pregnancy?
30 mg supplementation is recommended to start around 12th week of pregnancy
What should happen with Vitamin A in pregnancy?
Increase if possible, but excess should be avoided
What Vitamin may need to be supplemented during pregnancy?
Vitamin D
When does the screening for GDM take place?
Between 24 and 28 weeks (high risk at 16 weeks)
What is considered an abnormal screen (measured an hour after mother has taken 50 gm glucose load)
130 to 140 mg/dL
In testing for GDM if glucose level is abnormal after first screen- what happens?
Perform 3 hours 100 gm glucose load
2 or more elevated glucose levels are needed for diagnosis
What should women with GDM be screened for after delivery?
DMT2
In a breast-feeding mother, how many extra calories per day are needed for the first 6 months?
500 calories (150 from fat stores, 350 from food)
How many extra calories are needed in a breastfeeding mother from 7 to 9 months?
400 calories
What supplement do breastfeeing mothers often need?
Calcium
Where do you get the heme form of iron from?
Animals (meat)
Were do you get the non-heme form of iron from?
Plant
What Vitamin can help enhance iron absorption?
Vit C
What is the main way to lose iron?
Bleeding
What inhibits the reabsorption of iron?
Calcium
What is the storage form of iron?
ferritin
What makes up 1% of iron stores?
Transferrin
What is the dosing for supplementing iron?
50-60 mg BID to TID x 3 months
What mineral is important in wound healing?
ZInc
What disease has copper deposits in organs?
Wilson’s disease
What is the U/L of sodium?
2300 mg
What causes hyponatremia?
Hydrating only with water
uncommon- seen in long distance runners
what mineral can lower BP and reduce risk of developing oxalate kidney disease?
Potassium
What mineral is linked to improving insulin’s ability to do its job?
Chromium
What is a goiter due to?
Iodine deficiency
Where is 40% of iodine stored?
thyroid
what type symptoms can you have with manganese toxicity?
Parkinson’s like symptoms
What vitamins may be needed to be supplemented if baby is breast fed?
Vitamin D and Vitamin K
When assessing weight in elderly, what weight should you consider?
Usual body weight
