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Nutrition > Lecture 7 (Endocrine and GI) > Flashcards

Lecture 7 (Endocrine and GI) Flashcards

1
Q

What disorder is due to a weak or incompetent LES?

A

GERD

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2
Q

What is steatorrhea found with?

A

fat malabsorption

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3
Q

What disorder is associated with vague epigastric discomfort and pain when eating?

A

Gastric Ulcer

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4
Q

What disorder has pain 2-5 hours after eating a meal and you get relief from pain after eating?

A

Duodenal ulcer

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5
Q

What general term for many disorders is due to eroded lesion in esophageal, gastric, or duodenal mucosa from the action of gastric acid?

A

Peptic Ulcer Disease

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6
Q

What are 5 common causes of PUD?

A
  1. H. Pylori
  2. Gastritis
  3. Use of aspirin and other NSAIDs
  4. Corticosteroids
  5. “stress ulcers”
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7
Q

What are the 2 goals of MNT for the treatment of PUD?

A
  1. Reduce and neutralize the secretion of gastric acid

2. Maintain the resistance of the GI epithelial tissue

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8
Q 
Which of these is not a component of MNT therapy for PUD?
A. Limit alcohol
B. Eat more diary
C. Avoid Skipping meals
D. Increase Omega 3 and Omega 6
A

B. Eat more dairy

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9
Q

What disorder is associated with heartburn, increased belching, and painful spasm?

A

GERD

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10
Q

What are 4 behavior modifications for GERD?

A
  1. Don’t eat w/i 3 hours of retiring
  2. Don’t lay down after meals
  3. Avoid cigarette smoking
  4. Avoid tight fitting garments
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11
Q

What are 4 common vitamin deficiencies due to fat malabsorption?

A

A
D
E
K

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12
Q

Deficiency of what vitamin can lead to neuropathy and hemolytic anemia?

A

Vitamin E

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13
Q

Deficiency of what vitamin leads to prolongation of prothombin time and easy bruising?

A

Vitamin K

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14
Q

How many kcals/ kg shoudl those with compensated cirrhosis consume?

A

25-35 kcals/kg

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15
Q

How many kcals/kg should those with complicated cirrhosis consume?

A

35-40 kcals/kg

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16
Q

With stable cirrhosis, how many grams/kg/day of protein should a person consume?

A

1.0-1.2 grams/kg/day

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17
Q

How many gm/kg/day of protein should those with complicated cirrhosis and underlying malnutrition consume?

A

UP to 1.5 grams/kg/day

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18
Q

Should there be protein restriction for individuals during periods of episodic encephalopathy?

A

No

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19
Q

Individuals with ascites should consume how many grams of sodium per day?

A

2-3 grams (may need to be as low as 500 mg/day if extreme ascities)

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20
Q

What layers does Crohn’s Disease affect?

A

all layers of mucosa

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21
Q

Rectal bleeding is more common in ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease?

A

Ulcerative colitis

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22
Q

Fistulas are more common in ulcerative or Crohn’s disease?

A

Crohn’s Disease

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23
Q

Is Crohn’s Disease or ulcerative colitis segmented?

A

Crohn’s disease

24
Q

What layers are affected in ulcerative colitis?

A

Mucosa and submucosa

25
Q

What type diet is recommended for IBS?

A

low fat, low fiber, low lactose,

small frequent meals

26
Q

How many grams of protein should someone with IBS consume?

A

1.0-1.5 gm/kg

27
Q

A fasting plasma glucose of what is considered is considered criteria for diabetes?

A

> 126 mg/dL

28
Q

A casual plasma glucose of what is considered diagnosis for DM?

A

> 200 mg/dL

29
Q

What other symptoms with an elevated casual plasma glucose are considered criteria for DM?

A

Polyuria
Polydipsia
Unexplained weight loss

30
Q

An A1c greater than what is considered criteria for DM?

A

> 6.5% on more than 1 occasion

31
Q

What levels indicated impaired fasting glucose?

A

100-125 mg/dL

32
Q

What glucose levels indicate impaired glucose tolerance (2 hour PP)

A

140-199 mg/dL

33
Q

What adults should be tested for diabetes?

A

Overweight or obese + 1 risk factor

Over age 45

34
Q

If results are normal, after how many years should DM take place?

A

3 years

35
Q

In children, when should DM be tested?

A

10 years or older or at puberty with increased risk (family history in 1st/2nd relative, high risk ethinic population, signs of insulin resistance, maternal hx GDM)

36
Q

What are 4 signs of insulin resistance?

A

acanthosis nigricans, HTN, dyslipidemia, PCOS

37
Q

One servings of carbs is how many grams of sugar?

A

15 grams of sugar

38
Q

How much physical activity is recommended for those with diabetes?

A

150 minutes/ week of moderate intensity aerobic activity

Resistance training 3x a week

39
Q

What type insulin has the longest effective duration?

A

Long-acting (5.7-24 hours)

40
Q

What type insulin has the shortest onset of action?

A

rapid-acting

41
Q

What is the onset of action for intermediate acting insulin?

A

2-4 hours

42
Q

What is the peak action time for intermediate acting insulin

A

4-10 hours

43
Q

What is the effective duration of intermediate acting insulin?

A

10-16 hours

44
Q

What is the peak action for rapid-acting insulin?

A

0.5-3 hours

45
Q

What is the effective duration of rapid acting insulin?

A

2-5 hours

46
Q

What is the peak action of short acting insulin?

A

2-4 hours

47
Q

What is the effective duration of short acting insulin?

A

3-5 hours

48
Q

What is considered low blood sugar?

A

<70 mg/dL

49
Q

What are some signs of hypoglycermia?

A

Shakiness
Sweating
Fast heart beat
Dizziness

50
Q

What is one symptoms seen in T2DM that isn’t seen in Type 1?

A

Polyphagia (excess hunger)

51
Q

What is one symptom seen in T1DM that isn’t seen in type 2?

A

Electrolyte disturbances

52
Q

Those with an A1C of _________ are at increased risk of diabetes.

A

5.7-6.4%

53
Q

If pre-exercise glucose is ___________, a DM patient should eat CHO.

A

<100mg/dl

54
Q

what vitamin deficiency can lead to hypocalcemia, osteomalacia, rickets?

A

vitamin D

55
Q

What vitamin deficiency can lead to neuropathy or hemolytic anemia?

A

vitamin E

Nutrition (12 decks)

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