Renal

Question 1

What can cause false positive protein in UA?

Answer 1

Alkaline urine >7.5
Chlorhexidine antiseptic
Radiocontrast

Question 2

Coca Cola urine without clots means disease is where?

Answer 2

Upper tract disease (kidney)

Question 3

Bright red urine with clots means disease is where?

Answer 3

Lower tract disease (ureters, bladder, urethra)

Can have localizing symptoms such as flank pain, freq, or dyslexia

Question 4

HUS triad

Answer 4

Hemolytic anemia
Thrombocytopenia
Acute renal failure

Question 5

If suspect HUS, what lab work should you get?

Answer 5

Peripheral smear most helpful to look for schistocytes and burr cells (also minimal platelets)

Question 6

HSP pts can develop proteinuria how far out?

Answer 6

12 weeks, but commonly do within 4 weeks if they will

Question 7

Gross painless hematuria with (or days after) an URI

Answer 7

IgA nephropathy : check renal function

Question 8

Alport syndrome

Answer 8

X-linked disorder
Can present with microscopic hematuria in young boys progressing to hematuria with proteinuria by 10 years and eventually ESRD by AYA
80% develop bilateral deafness

Carriers can have microscopic hematuria

Question 9

Ketogenic diet can do what to renal system

Answer 9

Predisposes patients to hypercalciuria and stones

Question 10

Daytime symptoms of overactive bladder with bedwetting over night

Answer 10

Anticholinergic best choice : oxybutynin

Question 11

most common etiology of abdomen masses in new born period

Answer 11

Multicystic dysplastic kidney
Hydronephrosis due to UPJ obstruction
Renal vein thrombosis, ARPKD, nephroma

Question 12

When do you do VCUG?

Answer 12

Children >/= 2 febrile UTI
Children with 1 febrile UTI and one of the following:
- physical abnormalities on US
- abnormal pathogen
- HTN, poor growth

Question 13

If has glomerulonephritis what two tests do you need to get?

Answer 13

Check BP and renal function

Question 14

Fanconi syndrome

Answer 14

Proximal collecting tubule issue: metabolites aren’t reabsorbed
Can result in RTA type 2, rickets
Glycosuria, proteinuria, hypophos, hypoK, non gap MA

Question 15

POTTER Syndrome

Answer 15

Pulmonary hypoplasia
Oligohydramnios
Twisted skin (wrinkly)
Twisted face (Abel fancies)
Extremities defects
Renal Agenesis

Question 16

Ureterocele

Answer 16

Cystic dilation of distal ureter at bladder insertion
5x more common in girls
More likely assoc with duplex collecting system
(In bladder)

Question 17

If child has urinary stone, what other study should you get?

Answer 17

24 hour urine collection to assess for metabolic disorder

Question 18

Posterior urethral valves

Answer 18

Only occurs in males
Obstructive uropathy leading to bilateral hydronephrosis

Will have renal dysplasia and tubular damage, making them more susceptible to dehydration

Question 19

Poststrep glomerulonephritis

Answer 19

Low C3 on labs
Illness a few weeks prior
Most follow C3 to ensure it returns to normal

Question 20

Flank mass + low platelets + hematuria =

In neonate

Answer 20

Renal vein thrombosis

Can be associated with perinatal asphyxia

Cr >1.5 usually indicates AKI in neonate

Get US

Question 21

Low C3 Glomerulonephritis

Answer 21

Post infectious/poststrep
Membranoproliferative GN
Lupus nephritis
Shunt nephritis
Subacute bacterial endocarditis

Question 22

Normal C3 Glomerulonephritis

Answer 22

Immunoglobulin A GN
HSP
ANCA- associated GN
Alport syndrome
less commonly membranoproliferative