ID Flashcards
dimorphic fungus found in the dry soil of areas with low rainfall in the southwest United States, northern Mexico, and areas in Central and South America.
Up to 60% children asym
Coccidioides
crampy abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea after travel to Mexico (or resource limited)
can be asymptomatic or cause severe illness with bloody stools, severe abdominal pain, and fever
Entamoeba histolytica
diagnosis of intestinal amebiasis
Presumptive identification of trophozoites or cysts in stool; definitive diagnosis is made by detection of anti-E histolytica antibodies with an enzyme immunoassay.
Cryptosporidium infection in immunocompetent vs immunocompromised
immunocompetent: can be asymptomatic, but usually causes watery, nonbloody diarrhea lasting 1 to 2 weeks. Abdominal pain and cramping, n/v, fever, and weight loss caused by dehydration also can occur. clearance of oocysts from stool usually occurs within 2 weeks of illness resolution
immunocompromised: can be severe and life threatening. Rare complications include infection of the lungs, biliary tract, and disseminated disease. Oocyst shedding in those with immunodeficiency can last for months.
Toxoplasma gondii in newborn
Only 10% to 30% of infants with congenital toxoplasmosis are symptomatic at birth.
The classic triad of chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, and intracranial calcifications is rare.
Symptomatic newborns with toxoplasmosis can present with various clinical manifestations, including temperature instability, rash (maculopapular or petechial), hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, generalized lymphadenopathy, pneumonitis, microcephaly, meningoencephalitis, seizures, and chorioretinitis
Congenital infection caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV)
symptomatic in 10% of newborns and can present with a petechial rash, hepatosplenomegaly, and central nervous system manifestations.
intracranial calcifications of CMV are characteristically periventricular rather than diffusely distributed.
Other manifestations of symptomatic congenital CMV infection can include microcephaly, chorioretinitis, intrauterine growth restriction, jaundice, and hearing loss.
Manifestations of congenital rubella infection
ophthalmologic: cataracts, microphthalmos, retinopathy, glaucoma
neurologic: meningoencephalitis, microcephaly
cardiac: patent ductus arteriosis, peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis
Toxoplasmosis
VISION LOSS
Chorioretinitis
70-90% asymptomatic at birth
Can have hearing loss, ID, learning disability
Rash, LAD, HSM, jaundice, thrombocytopenia
most common side effect of CMV
Hearing loss
Rubella can cause what problems
Can cause cardiac problems (PDA, PPS)
Side effects of IVIG
Aseptic meningitis!
- severe HA, Michael rigidity, drowsy, fever, photophobia
More common in high dose (2g/kg)
Most common pathogen for foodbourne gastro
Salmonella
When do you give antibiotics for salmonella
Immunocompromised, infants <3mo, of <12mo with high fever or chronic GI illness
Elevated LDH with bilateral interstitial infiltrates
Think PCP in HIV pt
Treatment/prophylaxis for PCP (Pneumonia)
Bactrim
Water park, diarrhea, and oocytes in stool
Cryptosporidium
Treat with nitazoxanide but most don’t need treatment
Gram positive bug in UTI
Usually enterococcus
In sexually active females, could be staph saprophyticus
chloroquine sensitive areas
Central and South America
Lice resistant to permethrin, what do you use?
Malathion
Neutropenia fever treatment
Meropenum or cefepime or ceftazidime
Looks like strep but with negative strep testing
Arcanobacterium pharyngitis
Treat with erythromycin
5 features that increase risk of HUS
Anti-motility agent, vomiting, age <5.5yo, white count >13K
And weakly antibiotic use
Antibiotic class that interrupt cell wall synthesis
Beta lactams
Antibiotic class that interrupt DNA gyrase
Fluoroquinolones
Antibiotic class that interrupt folic acid
Sulfonamides
Antibiotic class that interrupt 30s ribosome
Tetracycline and aminoglycoside
Antibiotic class that interrupt 50s ribosome
Macrolides
Cattle and prolonged fevers, with treatment
Brucellosis
Can have HSM and pancytopenia
Get blood culture
Treat wth doxy or Bactrim and Rifampin
Hookworm symptoms
Anemia
Short stature
FTT
Iron deficiency
Fever, bilateral cervical adenopathy
Grayish exudate on throat
Diphtheria
Give IV antitoxin to pt right away, then also erythromycin x 14days (or IV/IM PCN G x 14 days)
Give erythromycin orally for 14 days to close contacts
Viral illness most associated with febrile seizures
HHV 6 - aka roseola
Animals that if they bit someone you’d give them rabies prophylaxis
Bats Raccoons Skunks Foxes Coyotes
Give immunization and RIG
Don’t worry about rabies if bit by one of these animals
Squirrels
Rats
Mice
Rabbits
Common cause of septic joint in young children
Kingella
Resistant to vanc
Treat with CTX or ceftaz
Hard to grow, so culture may be negative
4 uses for Rifampin
1) TB treatment
2) post exposure proph for H. Flu
3) post exposure proph for meningitis
4) Invasive MSSA/MRSA
Second line therapy for PID
IV clinda, IV gent, followed by PO doxy x 14 days
When could measles be transmitted
Within 3-5 days before the rash then 4 days after
