Renal 2

Question 1

Aluminium Hydroxide

Answer 1

Phosphate Binder
Is positive charged, which binds negative charged phosphate in the GI tract

May increase aluminium levels

Question 2

Calcium Carbonate

Answer 2

Most Common Phosphate Binder
Is positive charged, which binds negative charged phosphate in the GI tract
- Addresses hypocalcemia

Treats hypocalcemia
Can lead to calcification and hypercalcemia

Question 3

Sevelamer Hydrochloride

Answer 3

Most Common Non Calcium-Based Phosphate Binder (Anion Exchange Resin)
- Lower binding capacity for phosphate binding

Less likely to cause calcification
Lowers LDL
Reduce bioavailability of fat soluble vitamins

Question 4

Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate

Answer 4

Cation Exchange Resin
- Binds potassium in the colon in exchange for sodium (Treats Hyperkalemia)

Prescribed with Sorbitol to prevent constipation

Question 5

Calcium Polystyrene Sulfonate

Answer 5

Cation Exchange Resin
- Binds potassium in the colon in exchange for calcium (Treats Hyperkalemia)

Prescribed with Sorbitol to prevent constipation

Question 6

Glucose + Insulin

Answer 6

Treats Hyperkalemia
- Insulin increases Na+/K+ ATPase activity which causes potassium to shift into cells
- Glucose is given to prevent hypoglycemia

(Insulin provides therapeutic effect)
(Glucose controls effects of insulin)

Question 7

Salbutamol

Answer 7

Treats Hyperkalemia
- Activates beta 2 adrenoceptor which increases Na+/K+ ATPase causing an increase of potassium uptake into cells

Dose is significantly higher than what is used to treat Bronchospasms (10-20mg)

Question 8

Desmopressin

Answer 8

Specific for V2 receptors found in the collecting duct to stimulate aquaporins to reabsorb water

Can be administered:
- Intravenously
- Subcutaneously
- Intranasally

Question 9

Darifenacin

Answer 9

Anticholinergic (Selectively Block M3)
- Treats overactive bladder by blocking M3 receptors that contract bladder muscles that empty the bladder

Question 10

Solifenacin

Answer 10

Anticholinergic (Selectively Block M3)
- Treats overactive bladder by blocking M3 receptors that contract bladder muscles that empty the bladder

Question 11

Oxybutinin

Answer 11

Anticholinergic (Nonselectively Block M3)
- Treats overactive bladder by blocking M3 receptors that contract bladder muscles that empty the bladder

Question 12

Tolterodine

Answer 12

Anticholinergic (Nonselectively Block M3)
- Treats overactive bladder by blocking M3 receptors that contract bladder muscles that empty the bladder

Question 13

Mirabegron

Answer 13

Beta 3 Adrenoceptor (Activates Beta 3)
- Treats overactive bladder by activating beta 3 adrenoceptors that induce relaxation of bladder smooth muscles and increase bladder capacity