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Reminders 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Cruzfeldt-Jakob’s disease

A

Caused by Prions disease

Most aggressive (rapidly progressing) form of neurocognitive disorder

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2
Q

Drugs that reduce tics

A

Drugs that reduce dopamine

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3
Q

Three primary sx of schizophrenia

A

Hallucinations
Delusions
Disorganized speech

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4
Q

Early Alzheimer’s will show degeneration…

A

In the entorhinal cortex

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5
Q

Causes of adolescent-limited and life-course persistent development of antisocial traits

A

Adolescent-limited type is due to a maturity gap

Life-course persistent is due to neurological deficits

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6
Q

Lifetime suicide risk for people with BD

A

15x higher than general population

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7
Q

Techniques used to teach verbal communication to autistic children

A

Discrimination training and shaping

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8
Q

For sleep issues in people with MDD

A

Increased sleep latency
Increased REM density
Decreased REM latency
Decreased slow-wave sleep

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9
Q

High expressed emotion predicts relapse of…

A

Schizophrenia and MDD

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10
Q

Illness anxiety disorder

A

Preoccupation with having or getting a serious illness

May or may not have somatic sx, if you do they’re usually mild

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11
Q

“Analysis” practice of psychoanalysis involves…

A

Confrontation
Clarification
Interpretation
Working through

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12
Q

Teleological approach

A

Adler

Emphasizes future goals over past behaviors

(Style of life and striving towards superiority, depends on social interest)

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13
Q

Focus of narrative family therapy

A

Focuses on how the problem is effecting the family (the problem is the problem, not the person)

Replacing problem-saturated stories with satisfying and supportive stories (meeting family, listening for sparking moments, separating members for their problems, enacting preferred narratives, strengthening the better narratives)

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14
Q

Two types of questions used by narrative family therapists

A

Externalizing questions - view problems as being outside of yourself (what does your anger tell you to do)

Opening space questions - help members identify unique outcomes (have there ever been times when xyz didn’t happen)

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15
Q

Circular questioning

A

Part of systemic family therapy (Milan)

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16
Q

Joining

A

Part of structural family therapy

Allows you to enter the family and make adjustments, while still keeping and forming therapeutic rapport (being supportive to the family)

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17
Q

Scaling questions

A

Solution-focused therapy

Helps clients evaluate their current progress towards their treatment goals

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18
Q

What explains increase of stress and mental health symptoms in LGBT clients

A

Minority stress

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19
Q

What percentage of patients receive sx improvement after [ # ] sessions?

A

75% see improvement after 26 sessions

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20
Q

Object constancy

A

Part of object relations theory

Maintaining a positive connection with your significant other even when they are not immediately gratifying your needs

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21
Q

Sue and Sue’s example of twins communicating vs attorneys communicating

A

High and low communication

High for twins growing up in same house
Low for two attorneys communicating in court

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22
Q

Efficacy vs Effectiveness

A

Efficacy - highly controlled trials of whether something works
(High internal validity, low external validity)

Effectiveness - less controlled, more error
(High external validly, low internal validity)

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23
Q

Per Cross’s model, when a minority person does not appraise their problems to be the result of discrimination…

A

They are in the pre-encounter phase

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24
Q

Per Helms model, when a white therapist can best work integrative,y with minorities…

A

They are in the autonomy stage

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25
Theme interference
Caplan When loss of objectivity occurs because the therapist is treating clients in accordance with a past interaction
26
Electronic stimulation of the ___________ causes aggression in animals
Hypothalamus
27
Conduction aphasia
Damage to arcuate fasciculus (connects Wernicke’s and Broca’s areas) Fluent speech, normal communication, impaired repetition
28
Weber’s law
JND is due to a constant proportion
29
Low metabolites of serotonin in the CSF...
Found in individuals with increased risk of suicide attempts and completed suicide
30
Purpose of dichroic listening task
Studies of hemispheric specialization
31
Quality of REM dreams...
More emotional and bizarre than dreams occurring in other sleep stages More likely to be remembered than dreams in other sleep stages
32
Papez Circuit is related to...
Emotional expression and experiences
33
Cause of diabetes insipidus
Low levels of ADH (secreted by the pituitary)
34
Ideomotor apraxia
Damage to the left dominant parietal lobe Cannot turn an idea into action (would struggle with being given verbal commands to do something)
35
What part of the brain is associated with OCD
Basal ganglia
36
Simple partial seizures VS Complex partial seizures
Both have tingling and jerking of limbs, blinking, sometimes only on one side of the body (less severe than tonic clinic jerking) Simple Partial - no alteration in consciousness Complex Partial - alteration in consciousness
37
Years of infantile amnesia
3-4yo Neither adults nor children can recall memories from before this age
38
What part of temperament (per Kagan) is biologically based and stable over time
Behavioral inhibition | Can be altered by env situations
39
Three types of responders in the Adult Attachment Interview
Autonomous - coherent descriptions of childhood (secure attachment) Preoccupied - angry, confused, passive (resistant attachment) Dismissing - when you have positive reports but no memories to back it up (avoidant attachment)
40
Social information processing model | Crick and Dodge
Aggression in kids is due to a hostile attribution bias Deficiencies and biases in: encoding of cues, interpretation of cues, clarification of goals (retaliation), response search, response decision (agg will have favorable outcome), behavioral enactment
41
Exposure to CMD (prenatal exposure to herpes) will can result in
Sensorineural hearing loss
42
Kohlbergs levels of morality development
Preconventional - punishment (obedience) and rewards (hedonism) Conventional - social approval (good boy/girl) and law (law and order) Postconventional - accepted by group (democratic accepted laws) and is it consistent with universally accepted principles (morality of individual principles)
43
When are outcomes worst for the relationship between stepparents and stepchildren
When remarriage happens in early adolescence | D/t the child dealing with many other personal and social adjustments at that stage of development
44
When do single consonant-vowel combinations emerge
3-6mo Contain all the sounds possible By 9mo the babbling narrows to sounds in the native language
45
What play stage allows for a zone of proximal development
Vygotsky Make-believe play - creates a ZPD for learning and adhering to social roles
46
Three levels of friendship development | Damon
Handy playmate Mutual trust and assistance Intimacy and loyalty
47
Heritability estimate
The variability of a trait in a population due to genetic and environmental factors
48
When is the infant vocabulary spurt
18 mo Before that the baby knows about 50 words, and then the vocabulary increases
49
Tertiary circular reactions
Using objects to move other objects Dropping objects to see what happens when they fall and land
50
At what age is a baby’s brain 75% of its adult size
By 24mo
51
What is the first self-consciousness emotion to emerge
Embarrassment 30-36mo - shame, guilt, pride
52
Systematic desensitization
John Wolpe - tx for anxiety Learn relaxation, construct hierarchy, imagines the stimuli lowest on the hierarchy first and go from there
53
Success in systematic desensitization
Wolpe Due to classical extinction (You keep getting exposed to a conditioned stimuli without the paired US that produced the anxiety)
54
Stimulus control
When a behavior is brought about under one stimulus but not another (ex. Rat press a lever when light blinks, doesn’t press when light doesn’t blink) A form of two-factor learning
55
Stimulus control is two-factor learning, which means it incorporates...
Classical and operant conditioning
56
Two types of stimuli in stimulus control
Positive discriminative stimulus - that a reward will follow Negative discriminative stimulus - that a reward will not follow
57
Implosive therapy components
Classical extinction (imagined) and psychodynamic themes
58
Chaining vs Shaping
Chaining - used for complex behaviors when you link together SEQUENCED behaviors Shaping - uses SUCCESSIVE APPROXIMATIONS to guide behavior (does not include behavior sequences)
59
What intelligence test is based on the PASS model
Cognitive Assessment System Planning Attention Simultaneous processing Sequential processing
60
SB5 routing tests
Object series/matrices Vocabulary
61
What’s the commonality of all single subject designs
They measure the DV multiple times during each phase
62
Point Biserial Correlation Coefficient
One variable is dichotomous and one is continuous
63
Homoscedasticity
When the variability of scores around one variable is relatively the same at different values of the other variable (Erroneously inflates the correlation coefficient)
64
T-test for correlated samples
When the two groups are related in some way | Includes participants that are matched and divided up
65
How to increase power
(The likelihood of correctly rejecting a false null - finding real effects) Increasing the size of alpha Increasing effect size Using parametric tests when possible
66
Optimal item difficulty (p) for true/false questions
0.75 | In between chance and all correct 0.5 is chance, 1.0 is all correct...so 0.75 is halfway
67
Validity VS Reliability
Reliability = consistency Validity = accuracy
68
Test reliability decreases when...
The changes of getting items correct by chance increases T/F tests have worst reliability 3-choice multiple choice tests 4-choice multiple choice tests Fill in the blanks have best reliability
69
Orthogonal v Oblique | Factor analysis
Orthogonal = uncorrelated (assume factors are uncorrelated) Oblique = correlated (assume factors are correlated)
70
Chronbach’s (coefficient) alpha
Internal consistency The correlation of test items to each other
71
Coefficients for interrater reliability
Kappa Coefficient of concordance
72
Eta
Coefficient used to determine the association between two NONLINEAR continuous variables
73
Distribution of percentile ranks
Rectangular
74
Assumption of classical test theory
Measurement error is random
75
Uninvited solicitation...
Is never okay
76
Can you refuse to release test data to clients even if they ask for it
Yes if it’ll cause imminent and serious physical harm to the person
77
Confidentiality and EAP
Same confidentiality rules apply to off-work therapy No information is released to supervisors unless the person signs a releas
78
Problems with the PhD Candidate credential
It’s misleading and makes it look like you’ve already got credentials Don’t use it to identify yourself when offering services in graduate school
79
Can you still report sexual harassment if a patient tells you not to
No. You can not violate their confidentiality.
80
What do you do if you want to use a test that hasn’t been validated for a specific population
1. You can do it as long as there are no other alternativeS | 2. Explain the limitations of the results to the client
81
What to consider when a potential multiple relationship arises (Eg. When your new therapy clients join your church)
Consider if it’ll impact your objectivity, competence, and/or effectiveness
82
RIASEC traits that are similar
Place RIASEC types into a hexagon... most similar personality traits will be on either side
83
Types of technostructural interventions
Business progress reengineering Alternative work schedules Downsizing Job enrichment
84
Job satisfaction is stable...
Across time Across jobs and careers
85
Type A behavior most associated with heart disease
Hostility
86
Frame-of-Referencing training
Shows multidimensionality of job performance, and what good performance looks like at each level
87
Multiple regression | I/O
Compensatory method for combining several scores from selection tests
88
Competency modeling
Linking requirements for successful performance to organizational values, goals, and strategies
89
Utility analysis
Examines the impact of the selection or origination all procedure on returns on investment
90
Increases in cortisol lead to...
Degeneration of neurons in the hippocampus Memory impairment
91
V-Y-J leadership model
Involves a decision tree
92
When you have two opposing attitudes, and feel the need to change one of them...
Balance theory
93
Law of attraction
The positive relationship between similar attitudes and interpersonal attraction is due to REINFORCEMENT
94
Ultimate attribution error
When you attribute a GROUP’s successes to situational factors and a GROUP’s failures to dispositional factors (It’s fundamental attribution error to an entire group of people)
95
Stages of group development | Tuckman and Jensen
``` Forming Storming Norming Performing Adjourning ```
96
What was the initial prediction of psychiatrists made in the Milgram Study (predictions on people who would participate in delivering shocks)
1 in 1000

EPPP (14 decks)

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