Physio and Psychopharm Flashcards
Creation of new neurons is called
Neurogenesis
Where does neurogenesis occur
Hippocampus and caudate nucleus
Three parts to a neuron
Dendrite - receives info
Soma - nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, summate signals
Axon - transmits info from cell body to other cells, myelinated
Purpose of the golgi complex in neurons
Prepares neurotransmitters and other substances for secretion
Conduction
The travel of a message within a neuron
Electrical charge of a neuron at resting state
Negative
Action potential
An electrical signal that travels through the neuron once the dendrites receive a threshold amount of energy
All-or-none principle
Regardless of the amount of stimuli to a neuron, the action potential will always be the same strength
(It will fire, or it won’t)
Synaptic transmission
Transmission of information fo one nerve cell to another
Chemically mediated, involves the release of neurotransmitters into the synapse, and uptake by neighboring neurons
Neurotransmitters
Chemical substances that transmit signals from one neuron to another
Seven major: Ach, dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, GABA, norepinephrine, endorphins
Seven major neurotransmitters
Acetylcholine - muscle contraction
Dopamine - reward, movement, mood
Serotonin - sleep, arousal, aggression, mood
Norepinephrine - mood, attention, dreaming, learning
GABA - anxiety, mood control, sleep
Glutamate - learning and memory and LTP
Endorphins - analgesic properties
Acetylcholine
Found in the PNS - responsible for muscular contraction
Found in the CNS - REM sleep, memory
Acetylcholine is implicated in what major disease
Alzheimer’s - memory deficits
Drugs for tx reduce the breakdown of Ach: cognex, aricept, reminyl, exelon
Drugs used to slow the breakdown of Ach
Alzheimer’s
Aricept
Reminyl
Exelon
Cognex
Dopamine
Catecholamine (along with E and NE)
Personality, mood, memory, sleep, regulation of movement
Dopamine hypothesis
Predicts schizophrenia is a result of elevated dopamine levels or oversensitivity of dopamine receptors
Oversensitivity or excessive dopamine in the caudate nucleus causes…
Tourette’s
Degeneration of dopamine receptions in the substantia nigra and nearby areas
Parkinson’s symptoms
Elevated levels of dopamine in the mesolimbic system have been implicated in…
Reinforcement that comes with stimulant drugs
Norepinephrine
Mood, attention, dreaming, learning
Catecholamine hypothesis
Some forms of depression are due to lower than normal levels of norepinephrine
Serotonin
Mood, hunger, temperature, sex, arousal, sleep, aggression
Elevated levels of serotonin are implicated…
Schizophrenia
Autism
Food restriction associated with AN
Low levels of serotonin are implicated…
Aggression Depression Suicide Bulimia nervosa PTSD OCD