Relationships - Influence of Childhood

Question 1

Basic assumption of influence of childhood?

Answer 1

Childhood experiences predispose us towards particular types of relationships as adults

Question 2

Aspects of childhood influence?

Answer 2

Parent-child relationships

Interaction with peers

Question 3

Shaver?

Answer 3

Romantic love is an integration of attachment, caregiving and sexuality (behavioural systems acquired in infancy)

Question 4

Behavioural systems in romantic love researcher?

Answer 4

Shaver

Question 5

Internal working model?

Answer 5

Bowlby

Question 6

Bowlby?

Answer 6

Internal working model means that relationships are a continuation of attachment

Question 7

Love quiz?

Answer 7

Hazan and Shaver

Question 8

Hazan and Shaver?

Answer 8

Secure = secure/positive
Resistant = conflicting/preoccupied
Avoidant = fearful/negative

Question 9

Consequences of childhood abuse?

Answer 9

May lead to an attachment disorder (resists and rejects intimacy) and difficulties in forming healthy relationships

Question 10

Research on childhood abuse?

Answer 10

Alpert et al

Question 11

Springer et al?

Answer 11

Physical abuse = depression, anger and anxiety

Question 12

Alpert et al?

Answer 12

Abuse = inability to trust and a sense of isolation

Question 13

Strengths of explanations of parent-child relationships?

Answer 13

Support for abuse

Support for attachment

Question 14

Weaknesses of explanations of parent-child relationships?

Answer 14

Deterministic

Attachments effect rather than cause

Question 15

Determinism in explanations of parent-child relationships?

Answer 15

Simpson et al

Question 16

Simpson et al?

Answer 16

There have been many cases where insecure children have healthy future relationships

Question 17

Research on attachment being an effect rather than cause?

Answer 17

Kirkpatrick and Hazan

Question 18

Kirkpatrick and Hazan?

Answer 18

Break-ups associated with a shit from secure to insecure, so may be determined by current relationship

Question 19

Support for abuse in explanations of parent-child relationships?

Answer 19

Berenson and Anderson

Question 20

Berenson and Anderson?

Answer 20

Abused children had a negative reaction (e.g. expectation of rejection and emotional distancing) to a stinger, but only when they reminded them of the parent

Question 21

Support for secure attachments in explanations of parent-child relationships?

Answer 21

Simpson et al.

Question 22

Simpson et al?

Answer 22

Longitudinal study found securely attached infants -> high social status -> high social skills -> closer friends -> secure relationships

Question 23

Aspects of explanations of interactions with peers?

Answer 23

Childhood friendships

Adolescent relationships

Question 24

Qualter and Munn?

Answer 24

Experiences with peers help develop a sense of value which becomes internalised

Question 25

Research on childhood friendships?

Answer 25

Qualter and Munn

Question 26

Research on 'training grounds'?

Answer 26

Nangle et al

Question 27

Nangle et al?

Answer 27

Childhood friendships are important training grounds for adult relationships as they promote feelings of trust, acceptance and being understood

Question 28

Research on adolescent relationships?

Answer 28

Madsen

Question 29

Madsen?

Answer 29

Dating can be advantageous for adult relationship quality, but too much can be maladaptive

Question 30

What do adolescent relationships help achieve?

Answer 30

Separation from parents, redirection of intense interpersonal energy, new types of emotional and physical intimacy

Question 31

Strengths of explanations of interactions with peers?

Answer 31

Support

Question 32

Weaknesses of explanations of interactions with peers?

Answer 32

Gender bias Contradictory research Negative effects of adolescent relationships

Question 33

Gender bias in explanations of interactions with peers?

Answer 33

Erwin

Question 34

Erwin?

Answer 34

Sex differences in interaction with peers are over-emphasised

Question 35

Contradictory research for explanations of interactions with peers?

Answer 35

Roisman et al

Question 36

Roisman et al?

Answer 36

Found no effect of romantic experiences at age 20 on those at 30

Question 37

Negative effects of adolescent relationships?

Answer 37

Haynie

Question 38

Haynie?

Answer 38

Adolescent relationships increased some forms of deviance by as much as 35%

Question 39

Neeman et al?

Answer 39

Adolescent relationships related to academic and conduct problems

Question 40

Support for explanations of interactions with peers?

Answer 40

Suomi and Harlow

Question 41

Suomi and Harlow?

Answer 41

The longer rhesus monkeys were denied the opportunity to interact with other young monkeys, the more extreme their social inadequacies