Relationships - Influence of Childhood Flashcards
Basic assumption of influence of childhood?
Childhood experiences predispose us towards particular types of relationships as adults
Aspects of childhood influence?
Parent-child relationships
Interaction with peers
Shaver?
Romantic love is an integration of attachment, caregiving and sexuality (behavioural systems acquired in infancy)
Behavioural systems in romantic love researcher?
Shaver
Internal working model?
Bowlby
Bowlby?
Internal working model means that relationships are a continuation of attachment
Love quiz?
Hazan and Shaver
Hazan and Shaver?
Secure = secure/positive Resistant = conflicting/preoccupied Avoidant = fearful/negative
Consequences of childhood abuse?
May lead to an attachment disorder (resists and rejects intimacy) and difficulties in forming healthy relationships
Research on childhood abuse?
Alpert et al
Springer et al?
Physical abuse = depression, anger and anxiety
Alpert et al?
Abuse = inability to trust and a sense of isolation
Strengths of explanations of parent-child relationships?
Support for abuse
Support for attachment
Weaknesses of explanations of parent-child relationships?
Deterministic
Attachments effect rather than cause
Determinism in explanations of parent-child relationships?
Simpson et al
Simpson et al?
There have been many cases where insecure children have healthy future relationships
Research on attachment being an effect rather than cause?
Kirkpatrick and Hazan
Kirkpatrick and Hazan?
Break-ups associated with a shit from secure to insecure, so may be determined by current relationship
Support for abuse in explanations of parent-child relationships?
Berenson and Anderson
Berenson and Anderson?
Abused children had a negative reaction (e.g. expectation of rejection and emotional distancing) to a stinger, but only when they reminded them of the parent
Support for secure attachments in explanations of parent-child relationships?
Simpson et al.
Simpson et al?
Longitudinal study found securely attached infants -> high social status -> high social skills -> closer friends -> secure relationships
Aspects of explanations of interactions with peers?
Childhood friendships
Adolescent relationships
Qualter and Munn?
Experiences with peers help develop a sense of value which becomes internalised
Research on childhood friendships?
Qualter and Munn
Research on ‘training grounds’?
Nangle et al
Nangle et al?
Childhood friendships are important training grounds for adult relationships as they promote feelings of trust, acceptance and being understood
Research on adolescent relationships?
Madsen
Madsen?
Dating can be advantageous for adult relationship quality, but too much can be maladaptive
What do adolescent relationships help achieve?
Separation from parents, redirection of intense interpersonal energy, new types of emotional and physical intimacy
Strengths of explanations of interactions with peers?
Support
Weaknesses of explanations of interactions with peers?
Gender bias
Contradictory research
Negative effects of adolescent relationships
Gender bias in explanations of interactions with peers?
Erwin
Erwin?
Sex differences in interaction with peers are over-emphasised
Contradictory research for explanations of interactions with peers?
Roisman et al
Roisman et al?
Found no effect of romantic experiences at age 20 on those at 30
Negative effects of adolescent relationships?
Haynie
Haynie?
Adolescent relationships increased some forms of deviance by as much as 35%
Neeman et al?
Adolescent relationships related to academic and conduct problems
Support for explanations of interactions with peers?
Suomi and Harlow
Suomi and Harlow?
The longer rhesus monkeys were denied the opportunity to interact with other young monkeys, the more extreme their social inadequacies
