Relationships - Evolutionary Explanations

Question 1

Evolutionary explanations of relationships?

Answer 1

Sexual selection

Parental investment

Question 2

Aspects of sexual selection?

Answer 2

Inter and intra sexual selection

ST and LT mating preferences

Question 3

Researcher on inter and intra sexual selection?

Answer 3

Darwin

Question 4

Intra-sexual?

Answer 4

Mate competition between members of the same sex for access to mate with members of the other

Question 5

Inter-sexual?

Answer 5

Mate choice - members of one sex are chosen due to the preferences of the other, determining areas in which they must compete (e.g. resources)

Question 6

Research on ST mating?

Answer 6

Buss and Schmitt

Question 7

Buss and Schmitt?

Answer 7

Men lower their standards in the context of ST mating then show decreased attraction after sex

Question 8

ST mating?

Answer 8

Men have a greater desire for casual sex (PI theory)

Question 9

LT mating?

Answer 9

High levels of choosiness in both sexes due to high PI - focus on good genes and good parenting

Question 10

Research on LT mating?

Answer 10

Buss

Question 11

Buss?

Answer 11

10,000 people from 37 cultures - Women desire resources while men desire physical attractiveness, youth and fertility - both desires intelligence, kindness and dependability

Question 12

Strengths of theories of sexual selection?

Answer 12

Supporting research

Universal

Question 13

Weaknesses of theories of sexual selection?

Answer 13

Alpha-bias
Reductionist
Simplistic

Question 14

Alpha-bias in theories of sexual selection?

Answer 14

Greiling and Buss

Question 15

Greiling and Buss?

Answer 15

ST mating can be beneficial to women too, as it has benefits such as mate-switching and diverse offspring

Question 16

Supportive research for theories of sexual selection?

Answer 16

Clarke and Hatfield

Question 17

Clarke and Hatfield?

Answer 17

0% of women and 75% of men agreed to have sex with a stranger

Question 18

Universality of theories of sexual selection?

Answer 18

Buss

Question 19

Buss (universality)?

Answer 19

Looked at 29 cultures and found that men do choose younger women

Question 20

Reductionism in theories of sexual selection?

Answer 20

Focuses on how males only want fertility and females only want resources, not the holistic experience (e.g. emotion, social factors, etc.)

Question 21

Simplicity in theories of sexual selection?

Answer 21

Penton-Voak et al

Question 22

Penton-Voak et al?

Answer 22

Female mating choice varies across the menstrual cycle - e.g. high conception risk = masculine face

Question 23

Research on parental investment?

Answer 23

Trivers

Question 24

Trivers?

Answer 24

PI is any investment by the parent in an individual offspring that increases its chance of survival (and hence reproductive success) at the cost of the parent’s ability to invest in others

Question 25

Aspects of PI?

Answer 25

Maternal/paternal investment | Sexual/emotional jealousy

Question 26

Research on post-natal care?

Answer 26

Shostak

Question 27

Shostak?

Answer 27

Breastfeeding can take up to 4 years in some societies

Question 28

Research on maternal investment?

Answer 28

Buss and Schmitt

Question 29

Buss and Schmitt? (PI)

Answer 29

Women prefer quality over quantity as random mating is much more costly, so are much more choosy

Question 30

Research on paternal investment?

Answer 30

Goetz and Shackleford

Question 31

Goetz and shackleford?

Answer 31

Indiscriminate mating is much less costly for a man

Question 32

Research on sexual jealousy?

Answer 32

Miller

Question 33

Miller?

Answer 33

Risk of cuckoldry means that men are much more aware of sexual infidelity

Question 34

Strengths of theories of parental investment?

Answer 34

Supporting research

Question 35

Weaknesses of theories of parental investment?

Answer 35

Reductionist Fathers do invest Contradictory evidence

Question 36

Support for theories of parental investment?

Answer 36

Buss et al

Question 37

Buss et al?

Answer 37

When asked to imagine scenes of infidelity, males were more distressed by sexual and women by emotional

Question 38

Reductionism in theories of parental investment?

Answer 38

Rowe

Question 39

Rowe?

Answer 39

Men's PI depends on various personal and social conditions

Question 40

Belsky?

Answer 40

Parental divorce of male correlated with his PI

Question 41

Research on father's investing in theories of parental investment?

Answer 41

Dunbar

Question 42

Dunbar?

Answer 42

In any situation where males can increase the success of childrearing it'll pay them to do so

Question 43

Contradictory research for theories of parental investment?

Answer 43

Anderson

Question 44

Anderson?

Answer 44

Men appeared not to discriminate between step-children and their own (may be 'sexual strategies')