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Psychology - PSYA3 > Relationships - Evolutionary Explanations > Flashcards

Relationships - Evolutionary Explanations Flashcards

1
Q

Evolutionary explanations of relationships?

A

Sexual selection

Parental investment

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2
Q

Aspects of sexual selection?

A

Inter and intra sexual selection

ST and LT mating preferences

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3
Q

Researcher on inter and intra sexual selection?

A

Darwin

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4
Q

Intra-sexual?

A

Mate competition between members of the same sex for access to mate with members of the other

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5
Q

Inter-sexual?

A

Mate choice - members of one sex are chosen due to the preferences of the other, determining areas in which they must compete (e.g. resources)

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6
Q

Research on ST mating?

A

Buss and Schmitt

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7
Q

Buss and Schmitt?

A

Men lower their standards in the context of ST mating then show decreased attraction after sex

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8
Q

ST mating?

A

Men have a greater desire for casual sex (PI theory)

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9
Q

LT mating?

A

High levels of choosiness in both sexes due to high PI - focus on good genes and good parenting

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10
Q

Research on LT mating?

A

Buss

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11
Q

Buss?

A

10,000 people from 37 cultures - Women desire resources while men desire physical attractiveness, youth and fertility - both desires intelligence, kindness and dependability

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12
Q

Strengths of theories of sexual selection?

A

Supporting research

Universal

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13
Q

Weaknesses of theories of sexual selection?

A

Alpha-bias
Reductionist
Simplistic

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14
Q

Alpha-bias in theories of sexual selection?

A

Greiling and Buss

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15
Q

Greiling and Buss?

A

ST mating can be beneficial to women too, as it has benefits such as mate-switching and diverse offspring

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16
Q

Supportive research for theories of sexual selection?

A

Clarke and Hatfield

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17
Q

Clarke and Hatfield?

A

0% of women and 75% of men agreed to have sex with a stranger

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18
Q

Universality of theories of sexual selection?

19
Q

Buss (universality)?

A

Looked at 29 cultures and found that men do choose younger women

20
Q

Reductionism in theories of sexual selection?

A

Focuses on how males only want fertility and females only want resources, not the holistic experience (e.g. emotion, social factors, etc.)

21
Q

Simplicity in theories of sexual selection?

A

Penton-Voak et al

22
Q

Penton-Voak et al?

A

Female mating choice varies across the menstrual cycle - e.g. high conception risk = masculine face

23
Q

Research on parental investment?

24
Q

Trivers?

A

PI is any investment by the parent in an individual offspring that increases its chance of survival (and hence reproductive success) at the cost of the parent’s ability to invest in others

25
Q

Aspects of PI?

A

Maternal/paternal investment

Sexual/emotional jealousy

26
Q

Research on post-natal care?

27
Q

Shostak?

A

Breastfeeding can take up to 4 years in some societies

28
Q

Research on maternal investment?

A

Buss and Schmitt

29
Q

Buss and Schmitt? (PI)

A

Women prefer quality over quantity as random mating is much more costly, so are much more choosy

30
Q

Research on paternal investment?

A

Goetz and Shackleford

31
Q

Goetz and shackleford?

A

Indiscriminate mating is much less costly for a man

32
Q

Research on sexual jealousy?

33
Q

Miller?

A

Risk of cuckoldry means that men are much more aware of sexual infidelity

34
Q

Strengths of theories of parental investment?

A

Supporting research

35
Q

Weaknesses of theories of parental investment?

A

Reductionist
Fathers do invest
Contradictory evidence

36
Q

Support for theories of parental investment?

A

Buss et al

37
Q

Buss et al?

A

When asked to imagine scenes of infidelity, males were more distressed by sexual and women by emotional

38
Q

Reductionism in theories of parental investment?

39
Q

Rowe?

A

Men’s PI depends on various personal and social conditions

40
Q

Belsky?

A

Parental divorce of male correlated with his PI

41
Q

Research on father’s investing in theories of parental investment?

42
Q

Dunbar?

A

In any situation where males can increase the success of childrearing it’ll pay them to do so

43
Q

Contradictory research for theories of parental investment?

44
Q

Anderson?

A

Men appeared not to discriminate between step-children and their own (may be ‘sexual strategies’)

Psychology - PSYA3 (13 decks)

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