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Psychology - PSYA3 > Aggression - Social/Psychological Explanations > Flashcards

Aggression - Social/Psychological Explanations Flashcards

0
Q

SLT view on biological approach?

A

A persons biological makeup creates potential for aggressive behaviour, but the expression of aggression is learnt through SLT

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1
Q

Social psychological theories of aggression?

A

Social learning theory and deindividuation

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2
Q

Aspects of SLT?

A

Observation, mental representation and production of behaviour

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3
Q

Research on observation in SLT?

A

Bandura, Ross and Ross

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4
Q

Bandura Ross and Ross?

A

Showed pre-school children 3 short films and found that exposure to TV violence, whether it not it was rewarded on screen, could spur aggressive responses

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5
Q

Thorndikes law of effect?

A

Responses to a situation which are rewarded will be strengthened and become habitual responses to that situation

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6
Q

Self-efficacy in SLT?

A

If aggressive behaviour has ended disastrously in the past then they will have less confidence and a lower sense of self-efficacy so may not repeat the behaviour again

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7
Q

Strengths of SLT?

A

Real life applications
Culturally applicable
Reciprocal determinism

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8
Q

Weaknesses of SLT?

A

Reductionist
Low validity
Unethical

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9
Q

Real life applications of SLT?

A

Phillips

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10
Q

Phillips?

A

Daily homicide rates in the US almost always increase in the week following a major boxing match

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11
Q

Reductionism in SLT?

A

Dabbs

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12
Q

Dabbs?

A

Looked at criminals and found that those with the highest testosterone levels had been convicted for the most violent crimes

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13
Q

Low validity in SLT?

A

Noble

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14
Q

Noble?

A

“Look that’s the doll we have to hit”

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15
Q

Ethical issues in SLT?

A

Bobo doll study promoted aggression

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16
Q

Cultural applications for SLT?

A

Wolfgang and Ferracuti

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17
Q

Wolfgang and Ferracuti?

A

‘Culture of violence theory’ - some cultures emphasise non-aggression eg that KungSan tribe in Khalahari

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18
Q

Main research on deindividuation?

A

LeBon’s crowd theory

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19
Q

LeBon?

A

Anonymity, suggestibility and contagion = the ‘collective mind’ = loss of sense of individuality and identity = loss of inhibitions about violence and adherence to social norms

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20
Q

Aspects of deindividuation?

A

Nature, process and reduce private self awareness

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21
Q

Two main ways of deindividuation?

A
  1. Becoming part of a crowd

2. Identifying with a particular role

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22
Q

Research on uniforms in deindividuation?

A

Rehm et al

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23
Q

Rehm et al?

A

Children wearing uniform were consistently more aggressive when playing handball

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24
Research on causes of deindividuation?
Zimbardo
25
Zimbardo?
Deindividuation due to anonymity and altered state of consciousness due to drugs or alcohol
26
Research on lynchings?
Mullen
27
Mullen?
Analysed newspaper cuttings of 60 lynchings in the US and found that the more people, the greater the savagery
28
Research on self-awareness?
Diener
29
Diener?
Self-awareness is blocked by other factors and events, eg strong feelings of membership, anonymity and external events
30
Research on public and private self awareness?
Prentice-dunne and Rodgers
31
Prentice-Dunn and Rodgers?
Public SA = impression if yourself presented to others | Private SA = sense of self, thoughts, values, standards etc.
32
Reduction in which SA leads to deindividuation?
Private
33
Strengths of deindividuation?
External validity
34
Weaknesses of deindividuation?
Contradictory evidence Gender bias Pro-social behaviour
35
External validity of deindividuation?
Diener
36
Diener? (Eval)
Anti-social behaviours (eg stealing) more likely in a large group with clothes that concealed identity
37
Contradictory evidence for deindividuation?
Postmes and Spean
38
Postmes and Spean?
Meta analysis of 60 studies found that disinhibition, anti-social behaviour and low SA weren't more common in large groups
39
Gender bias in deindividuation?
Cannavale et al
40
Cannavale et al?
Increase in aggression was only obtained in all male groups under deindividuation
41
Pro-social behaviour in deindividuation?
Spivey and prentice-Dunn
42
Spivey and prentice-Dunn?
Factors such as pro-social environmental cues promoted more altruistic acts
43
Models of institutional aggression?
Importation and deprivation models
44
Aspects of the importation model?
Interpersonal factors and gang membership
45
Research on interpersonal factors?
Irwin and cressey
46
Irwin and cressey?
Prisoners import behaviour (normative systems) from their social backgrounds
47
Research on gang membership?
Allender and Marcell
48
Allender and Marcell?
Pre-prison gang membership is an important determinant of prison violence
49
Aspects of the deprivation model?
Situational factors and pains of imprisonment
50
Research on situational factors?
Paterson and Paterline
51
Paterson and Paterline?
Stressful and oppression conditions = fear and frustration = aggression
52
Research on pains of imprisonment?
Sykes
53
Sykes?
Prisoners cope with pains (eg loss of liberty, security and autonomy) by withdrawal or rebellion
54
Research on models of aggression within groups?
Jiang and Fisher-Giorlando
55
Jiang and fisher-Giorlando?
DM is better able to explain violence against prison staff but the IM explains it against other inmates
56
Strengths of institutional aggression?
Real world applications Support for IM and DM Individual differences
57
Weaknesses of institutional aggression?
Contradicting evidence | Limited applications
58
Limited applications of institutional aggression?
Nijman et al
59
Nijman et al?
DM doesn't explain violence in all types of institution, eg psychiatric wards
60
Real world application of institutional aggression?
Wilson
61
Wilson?
Less prison like units virtually eradicated assaults on staff and inmates
62
Contradicting evidence for institutional aggression?
Delissi et al
63
Delissi et al?
Prison inmates with prior gang involvement were no more likely to engage in prison violence
64
Support for DM?
McCorkle et al
65
McCorkle et al?
Overcrowding, lack of privacy and lack of meaningful activity all influence peer violence
66
Support for IM?
Harer and steffensmeier
67
Hater and steffensmeier?
Black inmates showed more violence but had less alcohol or drug related misconduct than white, reflecting US society

Psychology - PSYA3 (13 decks)

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