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Psychology - PSYA3 > Aggression - Social/Psychological Explanations > Flashcards

Aggression - Social/Psychological Explanations Flashcards

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0
Q

SLT view on biological approach?

A

A persons biological makeup creates potential for aggressive behaviour, but the expression of aggression is learnt through SLT

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1
Q

Social psychological theories of aggression?

A

Social learning theory and deindividuation

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2
Q

Aspects of SLT?

A

Observation, mental representation and production of behaviour

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3
Q

Research on observation in SLT?

A

Bandura, Ross and Ross

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4
Q

Bandura Ross and Ross?

A

Showed pre-school children 3 short films and found that exposure to TV violence, whether it not it was rewarded on screen, could spur aggressive responses

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5
Q

Thorndikes law of effect?

A

Responses to a situation which are rewarded will be strengthened and become habitual responses to that situation

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6
Q

Self-efficacy in SLT?

A

If aggressive behaviour has ended disastrously in the past then they will have less confidence and a lower sense of self-efficacy so may not repeat the behaviour again

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7
Q

Strengths of SLT?

A

Real life applications
Culturally applicable
Reciprocal determinism

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8
Q

Weaknesses of SLT?

A

Reductionist
Low validity
Unethical

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9
Q

Real life applications of SLT?

A

Phillips

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10
Q

Phillips?

A

Daily homicide rates in the US almost always increase in the week following a major boxing match

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11
Q

Reductionism in SLT?

A

Dabbs

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12
Q

Dabbs?

A

Looked at criminals and found that those with the highest testosterone levels had been convicted for the most violent crimes

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13
Q

Low validity in SLT?

A

Noble

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14
Q

Noble?

A

“Look that’s the doll we have to hit”

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15
Q

Ethical issues in SLT?

A

Bobo doll study promoted aggression

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16
Q

Cultural applications for SLT?

A

Wolfgang and Ferracuti

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17
Q

Wolfgang and Ferracuti?

A

‘Culture of violence theory’ - some cultures emphasise non-aggression eg that KungSan tribe in Khalahari

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18
Q

Main research on deindividuation?

A

LeBon’s crowd theory

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19
Q

LeBon?

A

Anonymity, suggestibility and contagion = the ‘collective mind’ = loss of sense of individuality and identity = loss of inhibitions about violence and adherence to social norms

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20
Q

Aspects of deindividuation?

A

Nature, process and reduce private self awareness

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21
Q

Two main ways of deindividuation?

A
  1. Becoming part of a crowd

2. Identifying with a particular role

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22
Q

Research on uniforms in deindividuation?

A

Rehm et al

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23
Q

Rehm et al?

A

Children wearing uniform were consistently more aggressive when playing handball

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24
Q

Research on causes of deindividuation?

A

Zimbardo

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25
Q

Zimbardo?

A

Deindividuation due to anonymity and altered state of consciousness due to drugs or alcohol

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26
Q

Research on lynchings?

A

Mullen

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27
Q

Mullen?

A

Analysed newspaper cuttings of 60 lynchings in the US and found that the more people, the greater the savagery

28
Q

Research on self-awareness?

A

Diener

29
Q

Diener?

A

Self-awareness is blocked by other factors and events, eg strong feelings of membership, anonymity and external events

30
Q

Research on public and private self awareness?

A

Prentice-dunne and Rodgers

31
Q

Prentice-Dunn and Rodgers?

A

Public SA = impression if yourself presented to others

Private SA = sense of self, thoughts, values, standards etc.

32
Q

Reduction in which SA leads to deindividuation?

A

Private

33
Q

Strengths of deindividuation?

A

External validity

34
Q

Weaknesses of deindividuation?

A

Contradictory evidence
Gender bias
Pro-social behaviour

35
Q

External validity of deindividuation?

A

Diener

36
Q

Diener? (Eval)

A

Anti-social behaviours (eg stealing) more likely in a large group with clothes that concealed identity

37
Q

Contradictory evidence for deindividuation?

A

Postmes and Spean

38
Q

Postmes and Spean?

A

Meta analysis of 60 studies found that disinhibition, anti-social behaviour and low SA weren’t more common in large groups

39
Q

Gender bias in deindividuation?

A

Cannavale et al

40
Q

Cannavale et al?

A

Increase in aggression was only obtained in all male groups under deindividuation

41
Q

Pro-social behaviour in deindividuation?

A

Spivey and prentice-Dunn

42
Q

Spivey and prentice-Dunn?

A

Factors such as pro-social environmental cues promoted more altruistic acts

43
Q

Models of institutional aggression?

A

Importation and deprivation models

44
Q

Aspects of the importation model?

A

Interpersonal factors and gang membership

45
Q

Research on interpersonal factors?

A

Irwin and cressey

46
Q

Irwin and cressey?

A

Prisoners import behaviour (normative systems) from their social backgrounds

47
Q

Research on gang membership?

A

Allender and Marcell

48
Q

Allender and Marcell?

A

Pre-prison gang membership is an important determinant of prison violence

49
Q

Aspects of the deprivation model?

A

Situational factors and pains of imprisonment

50
Q

Research on situational factors?

A

Paterson and Paterline

51
Q

Paterson and Paterline?

A

Stressful and oppression conditions = fear and frustration = aggression

52
Q

Research on pains of imprisonment?

A

Sykes

53
Q

Sykes?

A

Prisoners cope with pains (eg loss of liberty, security and autonomy) by withdrawal or rebellion

54
Q

Research on models of aggression within groups?

A

Jiang and Fisher-Giorlando

55
Q

Jiang and fisher-Giorlando?

A

DM is better able to explain violence against prison staff but the IM explains it against other inmates

56
Q

Strengths of institutional aggression?

A

Real world applications
Support for IM and DM
Individual differences

57
Q

Weaknesses of institutional aggression?

A

Contradicting evidence

Limited applications

58
Q

Limited applications of institutional aggression?

A

Nijman et al

59
Q

Nijman et al?

A

DM doesn’t explain violence in all types of institution, eg psychiatric wards

60
Q

Real world application of institutional aggression?

A

Wilson

61
Q

Wilson?

A

Less prison like units virtually eradicated assaults on staff and inmates

62
Q

Contradicting evidence for institutional aggression?

A

Delissi et al

63
Q

Delissi et al?

A

Prison inmates with prior gang involvement were no more likely to engage in prison violence

64
Q

Support for DM?

A

McCorkle et al

65
Q

McCorkle et al?

A

Overcrowding, lack of privacy and lack of meaningful activity all influence peer violence

66
Q

Support for IM?

A

Harer and steffensmeier

67
Q

Hater and steffensmeier?

A

Black inmates showed more violence but had less alcohol or drug related misconduct than white, reflecting US society

Psychology - PSYA3 (13 decks)

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