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Psychology - PSYA3 > Eating Behaviour - Anorexia > Flashcards

Eating Behaviour - Anorexia Flashcards

0
Q

What % of EDs are AN?

A

10%

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1
Q

Morality rates of AN?

A

15-20%

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2
Q

How many individuals does AN affect?

A

70 million+

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3
Q

How is AN diagnosed by the DSM-IV-TR?

A

Anxiety
Weight (below 85% of normal body weight)
Body-image distortion
Amenorrhea (no periods for 3+ months)

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4
Q

Psychological explanations of AN?

A

Cultural ideas and the media & personality

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5
Q

Research on cultural ideas?

A

Gregory et al

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6
Q

Gregory et al?

A

16% of 15-18 year old girls in the UK were ‘currently on a diet’ - national diet and nutrition survey of young people

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7
Q

Research on media influences?

A

Jones and Buckingham

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8
Q

Jones and Buckingham?

A

Individuals with low self esteem much more likely to compare themselves to idealised images

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9
Q

What aspects of personality affect AN?

A

Perfectionism and impulsiveness

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10
Q

Research on perfectionism?

A

Strober et al

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11
Q

Strober et al?

A

High levels of perfectionism in 73% of girls and 50% of boys being treated for AN

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12
Q

Research on impulsiveness?

A

Butler and Montgomery

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13
Q

Butler and Montgomery?

A

Patients with AN responded rapidly but inaccurately to a performance task despite low self reported impulsiveness

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14
Q

Strengths of psychological explanations of AN?

A

Supporting evidence

Genetics

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15
Q

Weaknesses of psychological explanations of AN?

A

Ethics
Contradictory evidence
Is personality a cause or effect?

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16
Q

Support for psychological explanations of AN?

A

Halmi et al

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17
Q

Halmi et al?

A

Those who had a history of AN scored high on the Multi dimensional perfectionism scale and extent was directly related to severity of AN

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18
Q

Ethical issues in psychological explanations of AN?

A

Researchers look to internet communities for qualitative data

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19
Q

Contradicting evidence for psychological explanations of AN?

A

Hoek et al

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20
Q

Hoek et al?

A

Looked at 44,192 people admitted to hospital from 1987-89 in Curaco and found 6 cases of AN (within western ranges)

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21
Q

Issues of cause and effect in psychological explanations of AN?

A

Difficult to separate lasting traits from short lived ones

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22
Q

Role of genetics in psychological explanations of AN?

A

Halmi et al

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23
Q

Halmi et al (genetics)

A

Perfectionism ran in families

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24
Q

Biological explanations include…

A

Neural and evolutionary

25
Q

Neural explanations of AN?

A

Neurotransmitters and neurodevelopment

26
Q

Neurotransmitters affecting AN?

A

Serotonin and dopamine

27
Q

Role of serotonin?

A

High levels = anxiety, which triggers AN

28
Q

Research on serotonin?

A

Bailer et al

29
Q

Bailer et al?

A

Significantly higher levels of serotonin in women recovering from binge eating/purging than in healthy controls, and high levels in the most anxious

30
Q

Role of dopamine?

A

High levels = AN

31
Q

Research on dopamine?

A

Kaye et al

32
Q

Kaye et al?

A

PET scan on 10 recovering ANs and 12 controls found over activity in dopamine receptors in the basal ganglia (part of the brain where dopamine plays a part in the interpretation of harm and pleasure)

33
Q

Aspects of neurodevelopment influencing AN?

A

Pregnancy and birth complications, and season of birth

34
Q

How do pregnancy and birth complications cause AN?

A

Birth complications lead to brain damage due to hypoxia, impairing neurodevelopment

35
Q

Research on premature birth?

A

Lindenberg and Hjern

36
Q

Lindenberg and Hjern?

A

Significant association between premature birth and AN

37
Q

Research on mothers with AN?

A

Bulik et al

38
Q

Bulik et al?

A

Mothers with AN expose their offspring to a double disadvantage due to genetics and inadequate nutrition

39
Q

How does season of birth affect AN?

A

Higher temperatures = AN due to intrauterine infections during pregnancy and temperature at time of conception

40
Q

Research on temperature at birth?

A

Willoughby et al

41
Q

Willoughby et al?

A

No seasonality effect in the development of AN in equatorial regions where it’s always hot

42
Q

Research on season of birth?

A

Eagles et al

43
Q

Eagles et al?

A

Those with AN more likely to have been born in spring

44
Q

Evolutionary explanations of AN?

A

Reproductive suppression hypothesis and the adapted to flee famine hypothesis

45
Q

Reproductive suppression hypothesis?

46
Q

Surbey?

A

Reproductive suppression hypothesis

47
Q

Adapted to flee famine hypothesis?

48
Q

Guisinger?

A

Adaptive to flee famine hypothesis

49
Q

Strengths of biological explanations of AN?

A

Supportive research

Treatment implications

50
Q

Weaknesses of biological explanations of AN?

A

Gender bias
Reductionist
Problems with evolutionary theories

51
Q

Support for dopamine in AN?

A

Castro-fornieles et al

52
Q

Castro-fornieles et al

A

Higher levels of homovahillic acid (waste product of dopamine) in girls with AN, and levels normalised as weight improved

53
Q

Support for perinatal complications?

A

Favaro et al

54
Q

Favaro et al?

A

Perinatal complications significantly associated with AN

55
Q

What % of those with EDs are men?

56
Q

Treatment implications of biological explanations of AN?

A

Bulik et al

57
Q

Bulik et al?

A

If we could use a persons genetic profile to indicate level of risk it’d be possible to tailor prevention programmes

58
Q

Reductionism in biological explanations of AN?

59
Q

Guisinger on reductionism?

A

The AFFFH relieves therapists of the need to search for familial reasons for AN despite them being reported as a characteristic

60
Q

Problems with evolutionary explanations of AN?

A

Why would AN be passed on when it has a 15-20% mortality rate and a risk of decreased fertility - it’s useless outside the EEA

Psychology - PSYA3 (13 decks)

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