Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Psychology - PSYA3 > Eating Behaviour - Anorexia > Flashcards

Eating Behaviour - Anorexia Flashcards

0
Q

What % of EDs are AN?

A

10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Morality rates of AN?

A

15-20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How many individuals does AN affect?

A

70 million+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How is AN diagnosed by the DSM-IV-TR?

A

Anxiety
Weight (below 85% of normal body weight)
Body-image distortion
Amenorrhea (no periods for 3+ months)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Psychological explanations of AN?

A

Cultural ideas and the media & personality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Research on cultural ideas?

A

Gregory et al

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Gregory et al?

A

16% of 15-18 year old girls in the UK were ‘currently on a diet’ - national diet and nutrition survey of young people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Research on media influences?

A

Jones and Buckingham

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Jones and Buckingham?

A

Individuals with low self esteem much more likely to compare themselves to idealised images

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What aspects of personality affect AN?

A

Perfectionism and impulsiveness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Research on perfectionism?

A

Strober et al

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Strober et al?

A

High levels of perfectionism in 73% of girls and 50% of boys being treated for AN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Research on impulsiveness?

A

Butler and Montgomery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Butler and Montgomery?

A

Patients with AN responded rapidly but inaccurately to a performance task despite low self reported impulsiveness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Strengths of psychological explanations of AN?

A

Supporting evidence

Genetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Weaknesses of psychological explanations of AN?

A

Ethics
Contradictory evidence
Is personality a cause or effect?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Support for psychological explanations of AN?

A

Halmi et al

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Halmi et al?

A

Those who had a history of AN scored high on the Multi dimensional perfectionism scale and extent was directly related to severity of AN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ethical issues in psychological explanations of AN?

A

Researchers look to internet communities for qualitative data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Contradicting evidence for psychological explanations of AN?

A

Hoek et al

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hoek et al?

A

Looked at 44,192 people admitted to hospital from 1987-89 in Curaco and found 6 cases of AN (within western ranges)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Issues of cause and effect in psychological explanations of AN?

A

Difficult to separate lasting traits from short lived ones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Role of genetics in psychological explanations of AN?

A

Halmi et al

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Halmi et al (genetics)

A

Perfectionism ran in families

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Biological explanations include...
Neural and evolutionary
25
Neural explanations of AN?
Neurotransmitters and neurodevelopment
26
Neurotransmitters affecting AN?
Serotonin and dopamine
27
Role of serotonin?
High levels = anxiety, which triggers AN
28
Research on serotonin?
Bailer et al
29
Bailer et al?
Significantly higher levels of serotonin in women recovering from binge eating/purging than in healthy controls, and high levels in the most anxious
30
Role of dopamine?
High levels = AN
31
Research on dopamine?
Kaye et al
32
Kaye et al?
PET scan on 10 recovering ANs and 12 controls found over activity in dopamine receptors in the basal ganglia (part of the brain where dopamine plays a part in the interpretation of harm and pleasure)
33
Aspects of neurodevelopment influencing AN?
Pregnancy and birth complications, and season of birth
34
How do pregnancy and birth complications cause AN?
Birth complications lead to brain damage due to hypoxia, impairing neurodevelopment
35
Research on premature birth?
Lindenberg and Hjern
36
Lindenberg and Hjern?
Significant association between premature birth and AN
37
Research on mothers with AN?
Bulik et al
38
Bulik et al?
Mothers with AN expose their offspring to a double disadvantage due to genetics and inadequate nutrition
39
How does season of birth affect AN?
Higher temperatures = AN due to intrauterine infections during pregnancy and temperature at time of conception
40
Research on temperature at birth?
Willoughby et al
41
Willoughby et al?
No seasonality effect in the development of AN in equatorial regions where it's always hot
42
Research on season of birth?
Eagles et al
43
Eagles et al?
Those with AN more likely to have been born in spring
44
Evolutionary explanations of AN?
Reproductive suppression hypothesis and the adapted to flee famine hypothesis
45
Reproductive suppression hypothesis?
Surbey
46
Surbey?
Reproductive suppression hypothesis
47
Adapted to flee famine hypothesis?
Guisinger
48
Guisinger?
Adaptive to flee famine hypothesis
49
Strengths of biological explanations of AN?
Supportive research | Treatment implications
50
Weaknesses of biological explanations of AN?
Gender bias Reductionist Problems with evolutionary theories
51
Support for dopamine in AN?
Castro-fornieles et al
52
Castro-fornieles et al
Higher levels of homovahillic acid (waste product of dopamine) in girls with AN, and levels normalised as weight improved
53
Support for perinatal complications?
Favaro et al
54
Favaro et al?
Perinatal complications significantly associated with AN
55
What % of those with EDs are men?
25%
56
Treatment implications of biological explanations of AN?
Bulik et al
57
Bulik et al?
If we could use a persons genetic profile to indicate level of risk it'd be possible to tailor prevention programmes
58
Reductionism in biological explanations of AN?
Guisinger
59
Guisinger on reductionism?
The AFFFH relieves therapists of the need to search for familial reasons for AN despite them being reported as a characteristic
60
Problems with evolutionary explanations of AN?
Why would AN be passed on when it has a 15-20% mortality rate and a risk of decreased fertility - it's useless outside the EEA

Psychology - PSYA3 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions