Relationships

Question 1

What are determinants of liking?

Answer 1

Similarity
Proximity
Reciprocity

Question 2

What is proximity and what are 3 factors?

Answer 2

Physical closeness represents a minimal requirement for attraction. The smaller the distance separating, the greater the chance of attraction taking place.
Factors: familiarity, availability and expectation of continued social interaction

Question 3

Moreland and Beach 1992 study

Answer 3

Had confederates show up to class either 0, 5, 10, 15 times during the term; the more visits, the more they were liked - even if no interactions with other students

Question 4

Define reciprocity

Answer 4

Responding to a positive action with another positive action, rewarding kind actions

Question 5

Reciprocity - Regan (1971)

Answer 5

1 participant and a partner asked to rate paintings, afterwards partner left and came back with 2 bottles of coke. Partner asked participant if they would buy raffle tickets from them. Results: PP in experimental condition bought twice as many raffle tickets than PP in controlled condition

Question 5

Reciprocity - Regan 1971

Answer 5

1 PP + partner asked to rate painting. Partner left and came back with 2 cokes (one for PP). Partner then asked PP if they would buy raffle tickets off them. Results: PP in experimental condition (receive coke) bought twice as many raffle tickets than PP in controlled condition (no coke)

Question 6

What is similarity based on determinants of liking?

Answer 6

Mutual attraction is based on the degree of similarity, namely;
Attitudes and values, level of education, political and religious views, etc.

Question 7

Similarity- what is balance theory?

Answer 7

We like people who are similar to ourselves - affirm our beliefs and values. Disagreements can cause friendships to be unbalanced, to regain balance someone must change their view.

Question 8

Similarity- Griffit and Veitch 1974

Answer 8

Studied 13 males who spent 10 days in a fallout shelter, concluded that those who were most similar liked each other the best by the end

Question 9

What is social exchange theory?

Answer 9

We view our feelings for others in terms of profits - the amount of reward obtained from a relationship minus cost. Degree of attraction/liking influences how we evaluate the rewards

Question 10

What are some limitations to social exchange theory?

Answer 10

Sees people as selfish and human relationships as primarily based on self interest. Implies all relationships are of exchange variety, however this can be argued against

Question 11

When are interactions with peers more significant and why?

Answer 11

More significant during adolescence. Friendships become deeper as they need to establish more autonomy, independence and more intimate relationships

Question 12

Identify and describe the 3 levels of peer groups in adolescence

Answer 12

Dyads- pair of close friends or lovers
Cliques- small groups who interact frequently
Crowds- larger group with similar affiliations

Question 13

Dunphy, 1963- The Changing Structure of Adolescent Groups

Answer 13

Used participant observation and observed young people in Sydney over 6 months in cafes, beaches, their homes and parties. Developed 5 stages concerning the structure of adolescent groups

Question 14

Dunphy 1963: Stage 1

Answer 14

Young people formed cliques (4-10)
Tight structure and a leader
Membership required conformity (dress code, interests, attitudes)

Question 15

Dunphy 1963: Stage 2

Answer 15

Crowds formed when unisex cliques interact. One is part of a crowd only if already belongs to a clique. Crowd activities seen at weekends e.g., shopping malls, beaches, parties

Question 16

Dunphy 1963: Stage 3

Answer 16

Crowd changes its structure - higher ranking members form heterosexual cliques. Teenagers are now older and more inclined to date more

Question 17

Dunphy 1963: Stage 4

Answer 17

“Fully developed crowd” composed of a number of couples closely associated

Question 18

Dunphy 1963: Stage 5

Answer 18

Couples tend to go their separate ways

Question 19

Knapp, 1978 Stages of love - Stage 1

Answer 19

Initiation

Making an impression. Inaccurate judging in this stage, physical appearance plays a great part

Question 20

Knapp, 1978 Stages of love - Stage 2

Answer 20

Experimentation
All about exploring to know each other well. Person will analyze the other for information or a common interest to decide whether or not to maintain relationship

Question 21

Knapp, 1978 Stages of love - Stage 3

Answer 21

Intensifying
The relationship intensifies and becomes less formal. People start revealing personal info and will analyze the impression on the other person

Question 22

Knapp, 1978 Stages of love - Stage 4

Answer 22

Integration

People start to make relationship much more closer than before. People may fall in love at this stage

Question 23

Knapp, 1978 Stages of love - Stage 5

Answer 23

Bonding
Relationship becomes announced ad recognized. The relationship is indefinite and only broken through formal notice, agreements, death, etc.

Question 24

Sternberg, 1987- what are the three components of love?

Answer 24

Intimacy
Passion
Commitment

Question 25

Duck- why do relationships go wrong?

Answer 25

Pre-existing doom
Mechanical failure
Sudden death
Demographic background
Marrying very early
Having experienced a lack of relationship commitment 
Low socio-economic or educational levels

Question 26

What are interpersonal factors leading to the breakdown of relationships?

Answer 26

Boredom

Conflict